main signaling pathways Flashcards
(17 cards)
cAMP pathway
Signaling pathway using cAMP to activate protein kinase A.
Phosphoinositol pathway
Signaling pathway for breaking down PIP2 into IP3 and DAG for calcium release.
chaperon
Protein that helps other proteins fold correctly and prevents misfolding or aggregation
adenylyl cyclase
Enzyme that converts ATP into cAMP for signaling in the cAMP pathway
protein kinase A (PKA)
Enzyme that is activated cAMP, it phosphorylates proteins like ion channels resulting in the ion channels closing or opening
protein kinase C (PKC
Enzyme activated by DAG to phosphorylate target proteins
phospholipase C
Enzyme that breaks PIP2 into IP3 and DAG.
inositol-triphosphate (IP3)
Secondary messenger molecule that releases calcium from the ER into cytosol
(one of the substrate of PIP2 that’s water soluble)
phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2
Membrane phospholipid split into IP3 and DAG by phospholipase C for signaling.
DAG (diacylglycerol
One of the products cleaved from PIP2. water-soluble, second messenger that activates protein kinase C.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Cell organelle that stores calcium and makes lipids.
Ras
A small GTP-binding protein that acts as a molecular switch in cell signaling
PDGF
A growth factor that activates RTKs to promote cell proliferation.
Janus kinase
A tyrosine kinase enzyme that phosphorylates STAT for gene activation.
TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway
Pathway where TGF-β uses SMAD to regulate growth.
NF-κB signaling pathway
Pathway that activates NF-κB for immune gene expression.
JAK/STAT pathway
A signaling pathway where cytokines-> JAKs -> STATs ; regulate gene expression.
