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RPH - FINALS > Main Topic IV (Part 2): The Metamorphosis of the Philippine Constitution > Flashcards

Main Topic IV (Part 2): The Metamorphosis of the Philippine Constitution Flashcards

1
Q

At least how many Philippine Constitutions were framed in our history?

A

seven

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2
Q

what are those seven constitutions that were framed in our history?

A
  1. The 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato
  2. The 1899 Malolos Constitution ( 1899-1901)
  3. The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
  4. The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic (1943 Constitution)
  5. The 1973 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
  6. The Freedom Constitution (1986)
  7. The 1987 Constitution
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3
Q

Where did Emilio Aguinaldo establish his headquarters in Biak-na-Bato in 1897?

A

San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan.

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4
Q

What was the previous name of General Trias in Cavite?

A

San Francisco de Malbon.

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5
Q

In March of the same year, a revolutionary government was formed with Aguinaldo as President. Where was it established?

A

Tajeros, San Francisco de Malbon (now General Trias) in Cavite.

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6
Q

Who were the framers of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?

A

Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer.

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7
Q

What was the origin of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution’s model?

A

Jimaguayu, Cuba.

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8
Q

When was the Biak-na-Bato Constitution promulgated?

A

November 1, 1897.

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9
Q

What was the objective reiterated in the preamble of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?

A

The separation of the Philippine from the Spanish monarchy and their formation into an independent state with its own government.

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10
Q

What was the composition of the Supreme Council in the Biak-na-Bato government?

A

President, Vice-President, Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Foreign Relations, Secretary of War, and Secretary of the Treasury.

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11
Q

Where was the judiciary power vested in the Biak-na-Bato government?

A

Supreme Council of Justice.

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12
Q

How long was the intended duration of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?

A

Two years.

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13
Q

What event led to the creation of the 1899 Malolos Constitution?

A

Defeat of Spain by the United States in the Spanish-American War in 1898.

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14
Q

When was Philippine independence declared?

A

June 12, 1898.

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15
Q

Where did Aguinaldo order the convening of a Congress?

A

Malolos, Bulacan.

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16
Q

When did the inaugural session of the Malolos Congress take place?

A

September 15, 1898.

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17
Q

Who initially conceived the Congress as an advisory body?

A

Apolinario Mabini.

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18
Q

What was the main focus of the heated discussions during the Constitution’s drafting?

A

The issue of the union of Church and State.

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19
Q

What was the main feature of the original draft of the Malolos Constitution?

A

A popular government with supreme power given to the legislative body.

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20
Q

When was the Malolos Constitution finally approved by Aguinaldo?

A

January 21.

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21
Q

What were the main features of the Malolos Constitution?

A

Democratic traditions, presidential form of government, recognition of freedom of religion, and a Bill of Rights.

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22
Q

When was the first Philippine Republic inaugurated, and where?

A

January 23, 1899, at Barasoain Church.

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23
Q

What marked the beginning of the demise of the Malolos Republic?

A

The start of the Philippine-American War in February 1899.

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24
Q

When did the Malolos Republic cease to exist?

A

March 1901, with the capture of President Aguinaldo.

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25
What replaced the Malolos Republic after its demise?
The Americans established themselves as new colonizers, with a military government running the Philippines, formally establishing the first civil government in July 1901.
26
When did the Filipinization policy of the government take place?
During the administration of Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison (1913-1921).
27
What law reorganized the government and provided for the Philippine Legislature in 1916?
Jones Law or the Philippine Autonomy Act.
28
When was the new Philippine Legislature inaugurated?
October 16, 1916.
29
What did the Jones Law provide regarding the prospect of independence for the Philippines?
It provided for the presence of resident commissioners to the US to observe Congress and later, the creation of a Commission on Independence.
30
What was the Tydings-McDuffie Law, and when was it approved?
It was the Philippines Independence Act, approved on March 24, 1934, providing for a 10-year transitional period known as the Commonwealth Government.
31
When did the election for delegates to write the Constitution take place?
July 10, 1934.
32
When was the 1935 Constitution approved by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt?
March 23, 1935.
33
When was the 1935 Constitution ratified by the Filipino people?
May 14, 1935.
34
How long did the 1935 Constitution serve as the fundamental law of the Philippines?
From 1935 to 1972.
35
What did the 1935 Constitution establish in terms of government branches and offices?
It enumerated the composition, powers, and duties of the three branches of government, created the General Auditing Office, and established the framework for the civil service.
36
What provisions were included in the 1935 Constitution?
Bill of Rights, provision for women's suffrage, creation of the Philippine Armed Forces, and the development of the national language.
37
When did the Commonwealth Government lead the country to independence?
A decade later, after the creation of the Commonwealth Government in 1935.
38
What interrupted the Commonwealth Government and led to the Second Philippine Republic?
The Second World War and the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines.
39
Where did President Manuel Quezon and the Commonwealth Government go into exile during the Japanese Occupation?
The United States.
40
What did the Japanese offer as part of their Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere program during the occupation?
The grant of independence to the Philippines.
41
What political party served as the party during the Japanese occupation?
apisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas or KALIBAPI.
42
What commission was elected by KALIBAPI to write a new constitution during the Japanese Occupation?
Philippine Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI).
43
When was the new constitution signed and ratified, leading to the inauguration of the Second Philippine Republic?
Signed on September 4, 1943, and ratified by KALIBAPI a few days later. Inaugurated on October 14, 1943.
44
What was the nature of the 1943 Constitution, and how did it differ from the 1935 Constitution?
It was transitory and condensed, consisting only of a preamble and 12 articles. Unlike the 1935 Constitution, it was effective only during the duration of the war.
45
How did the powers of government function during the Second Philippine Republic owing to the war?
The powers were concentrated with the President as no legislature was convened.
46
What language was declared the national language in the 1943 Constitution?
Tagalog
47
Where was the 1943 Constitution recognized as legitimate, and where was it ignored?
Legitimate in Japanese-controlled areas of the Philippines, ignored by the United States government and the Philippine Commonwealth government in exile.
48
When was the 1943 Constitution and the Second Philippine Republic abolished?
Upon the liberation of the Philippines by American forces in 1945 and the re-establishment of the Commonwealth in the Philippines.
49
When was the Constitutional Convention convened to write a new constitution in the Philippines?
June 1, 1971.
50
What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?
To address new challenges facing the Philippines Republic since its formation in 1946.
51
When did the Constitutional Convention activities face a temporary halt?
President Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972.
52
What did President Marcos do after declaring martial law in 1972?
He abolished Congress, reorganized the government, and reconvened the Constitutional Convention.
53
When was the draft constitution approved, and how was it ratified?
Approved on November 30, 1972. Instead of a plebiscite, Marcos submitted it to "citizen assemblies" held from January 10-15, 1972.
54
When did President Marcos sign Proclamation No. 1102, declaring the 1973 Constitution ratified?
January 17, 1973
55
What form of government did the 1973 Constitution provide initially?
Parliamentary, with the President as the symbolic head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government.
56
When were amendments made to the 1973 Constitution, and what changes were introduced?
In 1981, restoring the President's original status as the head of state and chief executive, granting additional powers originally vested in the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
57
How long did the 1973 Constitution remain in force?
Until the February 22-25 EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986.
58
What replaced the 1973 Constitution after the EDSA People Power Revolution?
The 1986 Freedom Constitution adopted by the administration of President Corazon Aquino.
59
When was the Freedom Constitution proclaimed?
March 24, 1986.
60
What was the title of Proclamation No. 3 signed by President Aquino?
Declaring a National Policy to Implement the Reforms Mandated by the People, Protecting their Basic Rights, Adopting a Provisional Constitution, and Providing for an Orderly Transition.
61
What is another name for the Freedom Constitution?
It is later called the "Freedom Constitution."
62
What was the primary purpose of the Freedom Constitution?
It declared a national policy to implement reforms mandated by the people, protect basic rights, adopt a provisional constitution, and provide for an orderly transition.
63
What did the Freedom Constitution set aside, and what did it recognize the new Aquino administration as?
It set aside the 1973 Constitution and recognized the new Aquino administration as a temporary revolutionary government until the framing of a new constitution.
64
What provisions of the 1973 Constitution were adopted by the Freedom Constitution?
Especially the Bill of Rights
65
What powers did the President continue to exercise under the Freedom Constitution?
Legislative powers until a new legislature was convened under a new constitution.
66
What additional power was given to the President under the Freedom Constitution?
The power to appoint members of a Constitutional Commission tasked with drafting a new charter truly reflective of the ideals and aspirations of the Filipino people.
67
What prompted the drafting of the 1987 Constitution?
Proclamation No. 9 issued on April 23, 1986, as part of the Freedom Constitution, establishing a Constitutional Commission (CONCOM) to draft a new constitution.
68
When did President Aquino appoint the 50 members of the Constitutional Commission?
On May 26, 1986.
69
When did the Constitutional Commission commence its sessions and complete its task?
Commenced on June 2, 1986, and completed its task on October 12, 1986.
70
When was the draft constitution presented to President Aquino?
October 15, 1986.
71
When was the plebiscite for the ratification of the 1987 Constitution held?
February 2, 1987.
72
How many people voted to ratify the constitution, and how many voted against it?
7,059,495 voted to ratify, while 5,058,714 voted against it.
73
When was the 1987 Constitution proclaimed ratified and in effect?
February 11, 1987.
74
What system of government does the 1987 Constitution restore, and what does it include regarding Congress?
It restores the presidential system of government and the bicameral Congress, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
75
What modifications were made to the Bill of Rights (Article III) in the 1987 Constitution?
t details the rights of every Filipino citizen, emphasizing protection against violations similar to those committed during the Marcos dictatorship. It includes the abolition of death penalty, except when Congress provides otherwise for "heinous crimes."
76
What significant provision was included in the 1987 Constitution regarding human rights?
The creation of a Commission on Human Rights tasked to investigate all forms of human rights violations involving civil and political rights.
77
What regions were recognized in the 1987 Constitution, granting them a certain level of autonomy?
The Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras.
78
What political autonomy was granted to local government units, and what directive was given to Congress?
Limited political autonomy for provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays, instructing Congress to establish a Local Government Code.

RPH - FINALS (5 decks)

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