Maine Question Bank Flashcards
(43 cards)
What tumors frequently metastasize to lymph nodes?
“SCARE”
1. synovial sarcoma
2. clear cell sarcoma
3. angiosarcoma
4. rhabdomyosarcoma
5. epithelioid sarcoma
anterolateral bundle of the PCL is tight in _______
mid flexion
posteromedial bundle of the pcl is tight in _____
both middle and high flexion
what is at risk with bicortical C1 lateral mass screws?
ICA
what is at risk with C1 pars screws?
vertebral a
Anteromedial bundle of the ACL is tight in _______
the anteromedial bundle of the ACL is tight in both flexion AND extension
Posterolateral Bundle of the ACL is tight in ________
posterolateral bundle of the ACL is TIGHT in extension and LOOSE in flexion
indications for static spacer in revision tka rather than dynamic spacer
uncontrolled infections
ligamentous laxity
extensor mechanism compromise/disruption
poor soft-tissue coverage or severe bone loss.
what size particles stimulate osteolysis
sub-micron - that is 0.1 - 1um diameter particles
what factors increase a patients risk of MRSA colonization
male
younger age
african american > caucasian
urban environments do not influence rates of colonization
how does biofilm allow the bacteria to evade antibiotics?
protective scaffolding formation
Following initial adherence and colonization, bacteria are thought to form a complex matrix of an extracellular polymetric substance, serving as a protective scaffold in which they can survive despite the competence of the host’s immune system or the presence of antimicrobial agents
nutritional markers for wound healing after arthroplasty
- transferrin <200
- neutrophil count <1500
- albumin <3.5g/ml
- zinc <95
what are the most common complications of tka (in order of frequency of occurrence)?
periprosthetic joint infection
aseptic loosening
instability
polyethylene wear
arthrofibrosis
malalignment
allograft should be added to distal biceps repair if the native tendon cannot reach the tuberosity in what degree of flexion?
90 degrees
what is the primary restraint to valgus stress at the knee in full extension?
posteromedial corner
what is the primary restraint to valgus stress at the knee in 30degrees flexion
superficial MCL
most common iatrogenic nerve injury during latarjet?
Axillary then musculocutaneous
what is an absolute contraindication to lumbar disc replaccement?
osteoporosis - need to get a DEXA scan prior to surgery
where is the physis affected in gymnasts wrist?
Zone of provisional calcification
- repeated loading decreases vascularity -> diminished calcification
*** this is different from a salter harris fracture which occurs at the zone of hypertrophy
What proteinaceous compound binds to hyaluronic acid to function as an effective boundary molecular layer in articular cartilage?
Hyaluronic acid binds to LUBRICIN
lubricin acts to reduce the coefficient of friction in the joint
what mechanism is associated with metal on metal hips in pseudotumor formation
edge loading and associated loss of fluid film lubrication
while it is a lymphocyte driven reaction, it is not actually lymphocytes reacting to nickel, cobalt, or chrome molecules
what human bone disease would result from loss of OPG protein?
osteoporosis
- OPG INHIBITS osteoclast activation (osteoclasts resorb bone)
- no opg -> no turning off osteoclasts -> unchecked bony resorption -> osteoporosis
what is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the foot?
synovial sarcoma
young adult males 15-40yo
t(x,18) -> SYT-SSX1, or SYT-SSX2 gene
what orthopedic tumor are ring chromosomes associated with?
parosteal osteosarcoma
