maintaining air quality

Question 1

what is the composition of air

Answer 1

nitrogen : 78
oxygen : 21
noble gases : 0.96
carbon dioxide : 0.04

Question 2

how to calculate the final volume of gas after reaction

Answer 2

initial volume - (21/100x initial volume)

Question 3

how is liquid air separated

Answer 3

fractional distillation

Question 4

what happens to liquid air in the cooler and pump

Answer 4

air is cooled and liquified

Question 5

how is the gas in fractional distillation collected

Answer 5

Top : lowest bp
Bottom : highest bp

Question 6

air pollution

Answer 6

the introduction of unwanted and harmful chemicals in the atmosphere

Question 7

is carbon dioxide an air pollutant?

Answer 7

NO. it is a greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming

Question 8

what happens when nitrogen react with water

Answer 8

no reaction

Question 9

is oxygen more soluble than nitrogen in water?

Answer 9

yes

Question 9

what are the 6 examples of air pollutants

Answer 9

carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, methane, unburnt hydrocarbons, ozone

Question 10

source of carbon monoxide

Answer 10

incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances like petrol

Question 11

colour of carbon monoxide

Answer 11

colourless, odourless

Question 12

health effects of carbon monoxide

Answer 12

carbon dioxide combines irreversibly with haemoglobin in red blood cell, reducing ability to transport oxygen around body.
Causes : death, fatigue and headache

Question 13

Source of sulfur dioxide

Answer 13

combustion of sulfur-containing crude oil
volcanic eruptions

Question 14

colour of sulfur dioxide

Answer 14

colourless, pungent

Question 15

health effects of SO2

Answer 15

irritates eyes and lungs, causes breathing difficulties

Question 16

environment effects of SO2

Answer 16

causes acid rain

Question 17

source of oxides of nitrogen

Answer 17

lightning activity
vehicle combustion engines where temperature is very high

Question 18

colour of NO

Answer 18

colourless, odourless

Question 19

colour of NO2

Answer 19

red-brown, pungent

Question 20

health effects of NO and NO2

Answer 20

irritates eyes and lungs, cuasing breathing difficulties.
Too much NO2 leads to inflammation of lungs

Question 21

environmental effects of NO and NO2

Answer 21

causes acid rain

Question 22

source of methane

Answer 22

waste gases from cattles
anaerobic bacterial decay of organic substances

Question 23

colour of methane

Answer 23

colourless, flammable

Question 24

environment effects

Answer 24

greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming

Question 25

source of unburnt hydrocarbons

Answer 25

unburnt hydrocarbons released in car exhaust flames and chemical plants due to incomplete combustion of fuels

Question 26

colour of unburnt hydrocarbons

Answer 26

odourless, colourless, may be pungent due to fuel additives

Question 27

environmental effects of unburnt hydrocarbons

Answer 27

react with NO2 with sunlight in atmosphere to produce Ozone (pollutant)

Question 28

health effects of unburnt hydrocarbons

Answer 28

irritates eyes, lungs and causes breathing difficulties

Question 29

source of ozone

Answer 29

lightning activity reaction of unburnt hydrocarbon with nitrogen dioxide in presence of sunlight in lower atmosphere oxygen atoms in presence of sunlight in upper atmosphere

Question 30

colour of ozone

Answer 30

pale blue, pungent

Question 31

health issue of ozone

Answer 31

irritates eyes and lungs, cuasing breathing difficulties

Question 32

environment issue of ozone

Answer 32

damage crops by slowing down photosynthesis

Question 33

why is carbon monoxide a silent killer

Answer 33

silent : odourless, colourless gas killer : causes death

Question 34

formation of acid rain

Answer 34

acidic air pollutants react with water in atmosphere to create acid rain

Question 35

sulfuric acid

Answer 35

sulfur dioxide dissolves in water and oxidised by oxygen SO2(g) + H2O (l) -> H2SO3(aq)

Question 36

nitric acid

Answer 36

nitrogen dioxide react with oxygen and water

Question 37

carbonic acid

Answer 37

carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater