Major Acts Batch 2

Question 1

1974 Section 8 Housing

Answer 1

Nixon era program, where recipients pay only 30% of income to housing. Main source of housing assistance to low income

Question 2

1974 Housing and Community Development Act

Answer 2

CDBG program established. Replaced categorical grant with flexible, more discretionary money. Consolidation of urban renewal, model cities, and public facilities programs. Requires a housing assistance plan.

Question 3

1975 Emergency Housing Act

Answer 3

Emergency federal relief for under and unemployed homeowners.

Question 4

1975, Energy Policy Conservation Act

Answer 4

Established CAFÉ standards.

Question 5

1976, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Answer 5

Cradle to grave for hazardous waste, and gave EPA authority to control. Household hazardous waste is exempt.

Question 6

1976, Toxic Substances Control Act

Answer 6

EPA ability to track industrial chemicals produced in, or imported to the U.S. EPA could ban anything high risk.

Question 7

1977, Urban Development Action Grant

Answer 7

Site acquisition and clearance to facilitate economic development, and stressed public-private partnerships

Question 8

1977, Community Reinvestment Act

Answer 8

Anti-discrimination, required bank regulators to evaluate whether lenders were providing finance products to economically depressed areas, meeting their funding needs. Meant to stop redlining.

Question 9

1978, Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Act

Answer 9

$725 million for matching grants to renovate and imporve parks in low-income communities

Question 10

1980, CERCLA

Answer 10

Superfund, taxed polluting industries to create fund for clean up. Required secondary containment for hazardous substances

Question 11

1981, Farmland Protection Policy Act

Answer 11

Prevented federal programs from causing loss of farmland

Question 12

1981, Land Evaluation and Site Assessment

Answer 12

Rating system that allowed local governments to assess farmland as suitable for continued agriculture

Question 13

1982, Coastal Barrier Resources Act

Answer 13

Undeveloped barrier islands are not eligible for federal assistance for development

Question 14

1984, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Answer 14

EPA to develop comprehensive regulatory program for storing hazardous waste. Owners of tank to prevent, detect and clean up releases

Question 15

1986, Community Right to Know

Answer 15

Required certain industries to report type and amount of toxic substances generated.

Question 16

1986 Low Income Housing Tax Credit

Answer 16

Created by Tax Reform Act of same year, funding for low and moderate income housing construction by non-profits. Sale of tax credits to investors and corporations. Republican alternative to HUD providing construction $

Question 17

1987 Stewart McKinney Act

Answer 17

First major legislative response to homelessness. Provided assistance and established the continuum of care concept

Question 18

1988, Robert Strafford Disaster Relief

Answer 18

Required 25% state and local match. Emphasized mitigation

Question 19

1988 Fair Housing Act Amendment

Answer 19

Expanded scope to cover community residences and group homes, and discrimination on aged and disability (in addition to race and gender). HUD could file complaints, instead of just referring them to DOJ.

Question 20

1990 ADA Act

Answer 20

required mass transit to be accesible to those with physical disabilities

Question 21

1990 National Affordable Housing Act

Answer 21

Established the home ownership made easy (HOME) program. Matching federal funds to local gov. expenditures for low income housing needs. Requires a comprehensive affordable housing strategy.

Question 22

1990, Clean Air Act amendments

Answer 22

after 20 years, created cap and trade for sulfur dioxide, allowed witholding of federal highway funds from metro areas that failed to meet air quality standards. Required SIP (state implementation plan) for areas not meeting the NAAQS

Question 23

1990, Federal Forest Legacy Program

Answer 23

federal granst to states to preserve forest land

Question 24

1991, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

Answer 24

required coordination between state DOTs and metro area MPOs for transportation and land use planning, air quality standards, earmarked funds for scenic byways and bike and pedestrian paths

Question 25

1992 Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight

Answer 25

Established in HUD to provide regulatory oversight on Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac

Question 26

1992 HOPE VI program

Answer 26

Replace large low quality affordable housing with smaller higher quality mixed income housing. Provided housing vouchers for public housing tenants to seek private options. Reduce de facto segregation

Question 27

1992 Housing and Community Development Act

Answer 27

Section 202 expanded affordable housing WITH SERVICES for the elderly.

Question 28

1994 Empowerment Zones

Answer 28

Federal funds made available to distressed urban areas, property and sales tax reductions, and low interest financing

Question 29

1994 HUD Multifamily Housing Disposition Rule

Answer 29

Disposed of apartment buildings in government possession due to foreclosure

Question 30

1996, Federal Farm and Ranchland Protection Program

Answer 30

Federal grants to states, local governments, and land trusts to preserve farm and ranch land

Question 31

1996 Housing Opportunity Extension Act

Answer 31

Evicted individuals with drug /alcohol abuse or criminal records from public housing. Funding for habitat for humanity

Question 32

1996, Telecommunications Act

Answer 32

First overhaul of telecommunications in 60 years. Increase competition. Telecom companies had pre-emption powers over local regulations, and eminent domain over private property

Question 33

1996, Wetlands Reserve Program

Answer 33

voluntary program to get assistance with wetland issues on private land. Financial incentives to restore, enhance, protect wetlands

Question 34

1998, Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century

Answer 34

replace intermodal surface transportation efficiency act. Focused on improving safety as traffic increased, economic growth through more efficient and flexible transport systems, transit as alternative to highway construction

Question 35

2000, Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act

Answer 35

Prevented land use decisions that would impose substantial burden on religious communities or institutionalized people

Question 36

2000 Manufactured Housing Improvement Act

Answer 36

Clinton era policy, established standards for manufactured homes, dispute resolution between manufacturers, installers, retailers for repair of defects.

Question 37

2000, Disaster Mitigation Act

Answer 37

Reinforced need to mitigate hazards, and required state and local governments to prepare plans which are reviewed by FEMA. Post disaster plans are NOT guided by federal legislation

Question 38

2002, Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook

Answer 38

APA publication, to update standard zoning enabling act and standard city planning enabling act

Question 39

2002, bioterrorism Act

Answer 39

National preparedness plan for bioterrorism