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major and minor connectors Flashcards

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1
Q

major connector

A

That component of a partial denture
which joins the minor connectors and
their attached assemblies together
to form a solid unit

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2
Q

purposes of a major connector

A
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3
Q

• Cross-Arch Stabilization (Counterleverage)

A

– Bracing elements on one side of the arch providing stability to the other

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4
Q

requirements of major connectors

A

rigidity and location

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5
Q

functions of major connector rigidity
functions as?
stress distribution?
torque?
tissue damage?

A

• Functions as one unit
• Broad stress distribution
• Reduce torque
• Avoid tissue damage

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6
Q

flexibility of major connector may allow for?

A

force concentration

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7
Q

major connector Non-Interference with Tissues
how to avoid this?

A

– Should not enter undercut areas
• avoid by changing path of insertion or by using blockout

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8
Q

major connectors should avoid terminating on what tissues?

A

free gingival margin
lingual frenum
soft palate

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9
Q

major connectors crossing gingival margins
minimizing impingment?

A

cross at abruptly 90 degrees
minimized impingement with relief

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10
Q

Minimizing major connector Food Impaction
locate away from?
eliminate what?

A

• Locate margins away from the FGM
• Eliminate “traps” or large concavities where food can collect

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11
Q

making major connectors unobtrusive

A

smooth transition from the connector to the base
smooth line angles
no border interferences with speech

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12
Q

where to place major connector borders from the gingival margins

A

6mm from the margin

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13
Q

where to place relief on gingival. margins

A

only where connector crosses

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14
Q

anterior of max major conn borders follow what?

A

valleys of the rugae

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15
Q

how should the major connector borders cross the midline

A

at right angles

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16
Q

thickness of major connector

A

uniform

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17
Q

beading of the connector borders

A

Borders beaded: 1.5 mm wide & 1mm deep
– Displaces soft tissue, seals border (helps maintain tissue contact). Also, provides additional strength (for maxillary major connectors)

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18
Q

avoiding tissue impingement deminsions

A

–6mm from gingival crest (Maxillary)
–3mm from gingival crest (Mandibular)
–Cross at right angles to the gingival margins

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19
Q

what to avoid location wise for a major connector

A

• Tissue impingement
• Ending on crests of rugae
• Irritation of surface eminences during insertion / removal
• Ending on incisal 1/3 of anterior teeth

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20
Q

improper location of the major connector coudl cause

A

Food impaction
• Occlusal interferences
• Speech interference
• Gagging
• Tongue irritation

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21
Q

MAXILLARY MAJOR CONNECTORS types

A

Palatal Strap
Palatal Plate
Anterior-Posterior Strap
Horseshoe or “U”

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22
Q

Palatal Strap
- Indications -

A

• Tooth supported situations -Class III
• Small posterior edentulous areas
• Minimal tissue support required
• Patient preference

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23
Q

how wide must the palatal strap be for rigidity

A

8-10mm

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24
Q

Palatal Strap
- Contraindications -

A

• Distal extension situations –Class I or II
• Severe palatal undercuts
• Large torus
• RPD to replace anterior teeth
• When definitive support from palatal tissue is required

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25
Palatal Strap - Advantages -
• Excellent support and rigidity • Distribute stress of mastication over a wider area
26
Palatal Strap - Disdvantages -
discomfort and interference with phoetics
27
Palatal Strap - Location -
• Anterior border follows valley between rugae at right angle to median suture • Posterior border at right angle to median suture • Confined to area bounded by four principle rests
28
palatal plate indications
• Long-span distal extension RPDs with or without anterior tooth replacement • Flat residual ridges • Periodontally weakened abutments
29
Palatal Plate - Contraindications -
• Severely undercut torus
30
Palatal Plate - Advantages -
Optimum support and rigidity Increase retention due to increased interfacial surface tension
31
Palatal Plate - Disadvantages -
• Can not be used with torus • Coverage of the palate may diminish taste, interfere with phonetics. • Difficult to cas
32
Palatal Plate - Location -
• Anterior border between rugae valleys and at right angle to median suture • Posterior border :Extends to junction of soft and hard palate
33
Anterior-Posterior Palatal Strap - Indications -
• Circumvent a torus • Strong, widely separated abutments (Distal extension RPDs; Distal extension RPDs also replacinganterior teeth)
34
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Contraindications -
• SOME maxillary designs due to narrow bulky straps • Patients with high narrow vaults • Phonetic interference
35
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Advantages -
• Structurally, very rigid - straps in 2 planes • Minimal tissue coverage
36
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Disadvantages -
• Large amount of border area to blend
37
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap demensions
• Anterior/posterior straps – 6-8 mm wide • For palatal opening to be beneficial, the space between anterior & posterior straps should be 15 mms.
38
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Location -Posterior strap
– distal extension to vibrating line and extended through hamular notches – tooth supported not more posterior than distal abutment
39
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Indications -
• **In very high vault palate ** • Large inoperable torus • Anterior tooth replacement • Patient is intolerant of palatal coverage
40
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Contraindications -
• The Least Rigid maxillary connector, therefore ANYTIME another connector may be used
41
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Advantages -
• Can be designed to replace missing anteriors • Conforms to patient’s previous experience
42
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Disadvantages -
• Requires additional bulk for rigidity • Can interfere with patient’s tongue/speech • Even with rest, may lack support causing possible tissue impingement
43
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Location -
• Anterior border: – terminates in valley of rugae at right angle to suture, or; – on the cingula of teeth extending contact point to contact point • Posterior border located at the turning point of the palate
44
BEADING OF THE MAXILLARY CAST
A prepared groove on the master cast along the designated borders of maxillary major connector This produces a positive bead on the major connector of the RPD
45
BEADING OF THE MAXILLARY CAST - functions -
• Increased rigidity • Guide for finishing • Compensates for casting inaccuracies • Displaces soft tissue, preventing food/fluid collection
46
BEADING OF THE MAXILLARY CAST - form -
• 1/2 round • 1 mm deep and 1.5 mm wide • Feathers out to nothing 6 mm from free gingival margin • Shallower over mid-palatal suture
47
MANDIBULAR MAJOR CONNECTORS types
Lingual bar Lingual plate Labial bar
48
Lingual bar - Indications - required measurement?
• Whenever possible, if no contraindications are evident • A depth of at least 7 mm measured from the lowest point of the gingival margins to the floor of the mouth is required
49
Lingual bar - Contraindications -
• Shallow floor of mouth and prominent frenum • Inoperable tori • Teeth in linguoversion • Teeth require stabilization • RPD requires additional stabilization • RPD requires benefit of additional indirect retention • Contingency planning
50
Lingual bar - Advantages -
• Covers the minimum of the tissues
51
Lingual bar - Disadvantages -
• It may be flexible if poorly constructed
52
Lingual bar - Location -
• Superior border 3-4 mm inferior to free gingival margin • Inferior border at height of lingual sulcus with tongue slightly elevated • Bar height is 4-5 mm
53
measuring Inferior Border Mandible
• Patient lifts tongue –Activates floor of mouth • Measure from tip of probe to free gingival margin
54
Lingual plate- Indications - anticipated replacement of? retention? ridge shape? tori? pt?
Insufficient lingual vestibular space for lingual bar (less than 7 mm from gingival margins to the floor of the mouth) • Anticipated future replacement of anterior teeth • Indirect retention • Bilateral distal extension with flat residual ridges (Provide resistance against horizontal movements) • Presence of mandibular tori • Patient preference
55
Lingual plate - Contraindications
• Adequate depth to floor of the mouth for a bar • Prominent diastemas (large interdental spaces) • Severely anterior crowding • No additional requirement for indirect retention • Patient preference • Teeth in linguoversion
56
Lingual plate - Advantages -
• More rigid than lingual bar
57
Lingual plate - Disadvantages -
• Covers teeth and tissue • Compromised oral hygiene “possible increase enamel decalcification” • More metal to fit, more difficult to fit the framework • Esthetic with diastemas (however, can modify plate to overcome)
58
Lingual plate- Location - what is required at ends?
• Superior border contacts cingula of anterior teeth extending from contact point to contact point • Inferior border at height of alveolar lingual sulcus with tongue elevated • Must be supported by rests at terminal ends
59
Labial bar - Indications -
• Lingually inclined anterior or posterior teeth • Prominent, superiorly located inoperable tori
60
labial bar - Contraindications -
Where tooth positioning will permit another connector
61
labial bar advantages
Permits an RPD to be fabricated
62
labial bar disadvantages
Difficult to fabricate Must be bulky to be rigid Not esthetic Traps food in vestibular area
63
Labial bar - Location -
• Superior border is at least 4 mm from buccal and labial free gingival margin • Inferior border is located at the junction of the attached and unattached mucosa
64
MINOR CONNECTOR
That component of a partial denture which joins the major connector with other parts of the framework
65
minor connector joins what to the major connector
– the clasp assembly – indirect retainers or auxiliary rests – the denture base
66
minor connector role in bar type clasps
Serves as an approach arm for a vertical projection or bar type clasp
67
MINOR CONNECTOR Functions transfers functional stresses to? Transfers effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing components to? unites what components? resists what type of movement?
• Transfers functional stress to abutments • Transfers effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing components to the rest of the denture (abutment to prosthesis) • Unites retainers, rests and denture base to the major connector • Helps to resist lateral movement
68
MINOR CONNECTOR REQUIREMENTS rigid/bulk? shape? thickest toward? angle to join major? tapers to? smooth? minimum between vertical components?
• Rigid with minimal bulk • Located in embrasure • Triangular in shape • Thickest toward lingual • Joins major connector at right angle • Tapers to contact point • Smooth and rounded • Minimum of 5mm between vertical connectors
69
MINOR CONNECTOR REQUIREMENTS • Cover minimal? • Cross gingiva at? • Must not impinge on? • Contact? • Minimal interference with?
• Cover minimal gingival tissue • Cross gingiva at right angle • Must not impinge on tissue • Contact guiding plane surfaces • Minimal interference with denture tooth placement

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