Major Exam

Question 1

Mental vocabulary of a speaker

Answer 1

Lexicon

Question 2

How is a word formed?

Answer 2

•Invented or made-up words (Neologism)
• Borrowed or loan words
• Blending
• Clipped
• Backformation
• Acronym

Question 3

Relatively a recent or isolated term, word or a phrase that
may be in a process of entering common use but not yet
accepted in the mainstream

Answer 3

Neologism

Question 4

Is joining of the beginning and end of another
word

Answer 4

Blending

Question 5

proprietary brand names for example
Kleenex, Clorox, Spam, Colgate

Answer 5

Eponyms

Question 6

Refers to the reduction of more than one syllable of a
word

Answer 6

Clipping

Question 7

Refers to the reduction of a word usually a noun which
shifts to a verb type

Answer 7

Backformation

Question 8

Adopting initial letters of related words and reading as a
single word. A word is formed from the initials or letters of
a word

Answer 8

Acronyms

Question 9

is the study of the internal structure of words

Answer 9

Morphology

Question 10

The smallest unit which carries
meaning is called ____

Answer 10

morpheme

Question 11

•When a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning it is called
•Alternate pronunciation of a phonological form of a
morpheme

Answer 11

Allomorph

Question 12

study of the arrangement and relationships of the internal structure of
words or morphemes

Answer 12

Morphology

Question 13

Morphology can be divided into two:

Answer 13

• derivational ( family of new words)
• inflectional (endings)

Question 14

the smallest unit of meaning

Answer 14

Morpheme

Question 15

can stand alone with a specific meaning
while bound morphemes are added to one or more
morphemes to form a word.

Answer 15

Free morphemes

Question 16

are added to one or more
morphemes to form a word.

Answer 16

Bound morpheme

Question 17

When morpheme is combined with a root, it changes the
semantic meaning as the part of speech of the affected
word

Answer 17

Derivational Morphology

Question 18

It changes what a word does in terms of grammar but
does not create a new word

Answer 18

Inflectional Morphology

Question 19

•is the system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language.

•The branch of linguistics that deals with the systems of sounds within a language or between different languages

Answer 19

Phonology

Question 20

Is a unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another language.

Answer 20

Phoneme

Question 21

are sounds in which it depends mainly on variations in the position of the tongue.

Answer 21

Vowels

Question 22

They are normally voiced. English vowel-type sounds are most easily described in terms of two variables.

Answer 22

• Height of the tongue
  • Part of the tongue which is raised or lowered

Question 23

Combination of two vowels which form a single syllable

Answer 23

Diphthongs or Gliding Vowels

Question 24

arepronouncedbystoppingtheairfromflowingeasily through themouth,especiallybyclosingthelipsortouchingtheteethwith thetongue.

Answer 24

Consonants

Question 25

Speech organs and structure

Answer 25

1. Upper lip 2. Lower lip 3. Alveolar Ridge 4. Soft Palate 5. velum 6. Nasal cavity 7. tongue 8. Oral cavity 9. Vocal cords

Question 26

Two articulators (lips, tongue, teeth, etc) are brought together such that the flow of air through the vocal tract is completely blocked. (/p,b, t, k, d,g/)

Answer 26

Stops

Question 27

Two articulators are brought near each other such that the flow of air is impeded but not completely blocked. The air flow through the narrow opening creates friction, hence the term fricative. (/f,v, soft and hard th, s,z, ^s, ^z, h/).

Answer 27

Fricatives

Question 28

Articulations corresponding to affricates are those that begin like stops and end like fricatives because affricates can be described as a stop plus a fricative, some phonemic alphabets transcribe /^c/ as /ts/ and /j/ as /dz/.

Answer 28

Affricates

Question 29

is one in which the airflow through the mouth is completely blocked but the velum is lowered, forcing the air through the nose (/m, n/ n with a tail/).

Answer 29

Nasals

Question 30

Both of these terms describe articulations that are midway between the consonants (I.e., stops, fricatives, affricates, and nasals) and vowels, although they are both generally classified as consonants. Liquid is a cover term for all l-like and r-like articulations (/l,r/)

Answer 30

Liquids and Glides

Question 31

The primary constriction is at the lips (/p,b,m,w/)

Answer 31

bilabial

Question 32

The primary constriction is between the lips and the upper teeth. (/f.v/)

Answer 32

labiodental

Question 33

The primary constriction is between tongue and the upper teeth (soft th, hard th)

Answer 33

interdental

Question 34

The primary constriction is between tongue and the upper teeth (soft th, hard th)

Answer 34

interdental

Question 35

The primary constriction is between the tongue and the alveolar ridge. (/t,d,s,z,n,l/)

Answer 35

alveolar

Question 36

The primary constriction is between the tongue and the palate. (^s, ^z, ^c, ^j, r, y).

Answer 36

palatal.

Question 37

The primary constriction is between the tongue and the velum. (/k,g, n with tail)

Answer 37

velar

Question 38

The primary constriction is at the glottis. (/h/)

Answer 38

glottal

Question 39

( refers to the space between the vocal cords.)

Answer 39

Glottis

Question 40

phoneme that changes its sound based on how a word is spelled.

Answer 40

Allomorph

Question 41

are two similar sounding words that differ in only one phonological element and have distinct meanings

Answer 41

Minimal pairs

Question 42

distribution of a pair of speech sounds or a pair of linguistic forms such that the one is found only in environments

Answer 42

Complementary distribution

Question 43

sound change in which some phonemes (typically consonants or vowels) change to be more similar to other nearby sounds

Answer 43

Assimilation

Question 44

the change or omission of one of two identical or closely related sounds in a word (Example: surprise - supprise)

Answer 44

Dissimilation