Major Exam 3 Flashcards
Firefighting at a crashed aircraft
The rule of thumb is initially to fight the fire that interferes with the rescue and establishing an evacuation path.
Class B firefighting foam is used as ARFF consider aircraft fuel tankers when involved in an incident.
Considerations on arrival at an aircraft incident
Incident may stretch over a large distance.
People may have been ejected.
Approach from upwind.
Toxic airborne products.
Potential explosive devices.
Three groups of dry alarms
Heat detectors.
Smoke detectors.
Flame detectors.
Four functions of a sprinkler
Detect the presence of fire.
Locate the area involved in fire.
Raise the alarm, both with the occupants of the building and the fire brigade.
Attack the fire.
Diagram and label components of a sprinkler system
Four causes of false alarms
Faults in alarm systems can be categorised as:
Transmission signal faults.
Fire panel faults.
Faults in monitoring devices.
Faults in detection devices.
Explain LEL and UEL flammable range
The LEL (lower explosive limit) is the lowest concentration of a gas or vapour (expressed as a volume percentage in air) that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present.
The UEL (upper explosive limit) is the highest concentration of a gas or vapour (expressed as a volume percentage in air) that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present.
Between the LEL and UEL is the flammable range.
Outside of the flammable range is not flammable.
Below the LEL is too lean to burn.
Above the UEL is to rich to burn.
What does a MicroRae detector detect
Fill out MircoRae table
Lower Explosive Limit
Oxygen
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
insert table
Four irrespirable atmospheres (TOES)
Toxic gases and fumes.
Oxygen deficiency.
Elevated temperatures.
Smoke.
Five symptoms of heat exhaustion (BLAND)
Burning sensation of the skin.
Lethargy (lack of energy).
Abdominal discomfort.
Nausea (feeling sick).
Dizziness.
Nine components of Scotts Contour BA set
Harness and back plate.
Demand Valve.
Pressure reducer.
Warning whistle and pressure gauge.
Band and clamp.
Rescue second mask CEJN.
Cylinder.
Mask.
Cylinder connection point.
BA entrapment procedure
Radio to entry control officer.
Sound DSU.
Remain calm to conserve air.
Move to safest possible area.
Saturate the vicinity.
Stage 2 BA board
Takes over the management of BA wearing at larger incidents. It is alsocontrolled by a dedicated ECO officer, who will have two fully rigged BA wearers standing by for emergency purposes.
Used for:
More than 4 wearers up to a max of 12.
Confirmed multi-storey incidents.
HAZMAT incidents where a full decon zone is operating.
Six uses of the aerial appliance
Effecting rescue and recovery.
Placing equipment and personnel onto a building.
Water tower.
Lighting tower.
Observation platform.
Dual purpose capability as aerial appliance and standard pumper.
Where are collectors on the aerial appliance
There are 3 collectors at the rear of both A30 (platform) and A31 (CAPA)
Minimum collectors for CAF on the Bronto
1 x 64mm to the Bronto with an optimum pressure of 700-1000kPa.
Explain the pressure relief valve
Primary function of the pressure relief valve is to prevent excessive delivery pressure to other lines when a hose line is shut off, or delivery valves are closed.
Is set to prevent excess delivery pressure. Only bleed of a maximum of 200kPa.
Not HP hose reels.
Five types of gas labels
Poison gas - White with black lettering.
Poisonous and flammable - two diamonds on label.
Oxidising agent - Yellow with black lettering.
Non flammable - Green with black lettering.
Flammable - Red with black lettering.
Actions to stop a gas leak?
SOG #12
Appliance pump engaged, with crew member standing by with charged line.
Full level D, with BA donned.
Adequate hearing protection fitted.
Correct gas clamp selected.
Correct tools selected for digging around impacted area.
Clamp supply side for service pipeline.
Clamp both sides for main distribution as they’re generally ring mains.
What does BLEVE stand for
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion
Indicators of a BLEVE
Flame impingement.
Discolouration of the gas cylinder.
Distortion of the gas cylinder.
Activation f the relief valve (apart from normal rises in the ambient temperature level).
Relief valve sound becoming increasingly louder i.e. higher pitched.
Three methods of isolating services?
Isolate dangers from a confined space.
Isolate of moving parts.
De-energise and lockout.
De-energise and tag out.
Information on confined space entry permit?
Part 1: Preliminary Information.
Part 2: Isolation.
Part 3: Other precautions.
Part 4: Atmospheric test requirements.
Part 4: Atmospheric test requirements (continued).
Part 5: Personal protective equipment.
Part 6: Personal entering/vacating.
Part 7: Authorisation.
Two reasons for fully encapsulated gas suits?
When a high level of splash protection is required.
When a harmful gas or vapour is present.
HAZCHEM codes, 3WE & 2PE? (HAZCHEM IMAGE)
3WE: Foam, V (substance can be violently or even explosively reactive , including combustion), LTS or FE suit with BA, contain spillage.
2PE: Fine spray, V (substance can be violently or even explosively reactive , including combustion), LTS or FE Suit with BA, Dilute spillage.
Four containment techniques used at a HAZMAT incident?
Containment techniques:
Up-righting and sealing leaking containers.
Allowing the leak to continue then handling appropriately.
Plugging and patching leaking containers.
Closing valves and closing and tightening lids.
Confinement tactics:
Diversion
Dyking
Retention
Draw DECON corridor?
Where to fit chains when 4wding
On all wheels or in the case of only having one pair the front wheels to assist with steering.
School zones when driving lights and sirens
Take all reasonable care and ensure lights and sirens are on. Use extreme caution, drive to conditions and adjust speed appropriately.
Considerations for positioning appliance at a scene
Approach the incident area quietly and purposefully. Look for extended accident scene. Turn off audible warning device shortly before arrival. Leave your beacons on.
Park in the fend off position if possible and consider:
Allow for access/egress for any other emergency vehicles.
Topography.
Water run off.
Position to protect the scene and personnel.
Allow for an exit route.
Position to allow for movement but slow other traffic.
Use hazard lights in addition to the warning lights.
Any hazardous materials involved.
Wind direction.
Position at least 30 metres from a burning vehicle.
Check for other hazards such as downed power lines, etc.
At a building fire be aware of falling debris, potential collapse, radiant heat, overhead power
lines, etc. Park 1.5 times height of building on corner.
At grass fires be aware of the possibility of a fire flank turning into a fire front with a wind
change.
Pump panel on the safe side and in view of the incident wherever possible.
Location of water supplies.
Airport: Emergency beacons off on tarmac (SOG10), be aware of injured/unconscious
persons on ground at crash scene.
Is it safe to enter a substation (possibly removed)
Substations are extremely dangerous and ACTF&R personnel must never make access or commence firefighting operations without the guidance of a representative from the electricity network provider.
Distance from energised car (possibly removed)
Stay at least 8m from objects that may be energised.
Three places for solar isolation (Possibly Removed)
Roof top isolator.
Inverter.
Meter box/switch board.
Define the term contemporaneous notes
For recording notes after or within a reasonable timeframe of an incident.
Can be written, sketches or diagrams and must be signed and dated.
These notes can be called as evidence in court proceeding and are considered more factual than memory.
Four things you might include in your contemporaneous notes
Incident information including incident number, dates and times.
Crew disposition.
Observations.
Your actions.
Any conversation with bystanders.
Describe how a ‘V’ pattern indicates the area of origin
Fire generally travels upwards and outwards, leaving in the absence of barriers or unusual fire conditions a V-shaped or conical pattern in the structure is left behind.
add photo
Three advantages of a fog pattern
Covers a larger surface area than the water spray.
Absorbs heat rapidly within a contained area.
Enhances the rate at which water is converted to steam, removing more heat from the
surrounding fire than a spray pattern.
Minimises the damage to property.
Maximises the effective use of water.
Provides protection to fire fighters from radiant heat.
Three methods of applying foam
Bank Down: This method can be used if there is a wall or other solid object behind the fire.
Aim the stream directly at the wall above the fire and let the foam blanket flow back toward
you.
Roll On: This method can be used in the absence of any features to use with the bank down
method. Start by gently laying foam down in front of the fire and let it build up. As foam
builds up in quantity it will ‘roll’ forward and blanket the fire.
Rain Down: Foam streams may also be aimed above the fire, and the foam allowed to rain
onto it. Convection currents from the fire may disperse the foam before it can reach the fire.
CAFS: Direct Attack – Wet foam – 0.3%, Indirect Attack – Medium Foam – 0.5%, Exposure
Protection – Dry Foam – 0.8%.
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