major groups of disease-causing bacteria

Question 1

first way to differentiate gram + rods

Answer 1

spore forming vs non spore forming

Question 2

how to differentiate spore forming gram + rods

Answer 2

aerobic vs anaerobic

Question 3

two types of gram + non spore forming rods

Answer 3

corynebacterium spp

listeria monocytogenes

Question 4

one type of anaerobic gram + spore forming rod

Answer 4

clostridium spp

Question 5

Clostridium spp

Answer 5

gram + anaerobic rods, spore forming
normal human intestinal microbiota
soil, water, sewage
strict anaerobes
4 medically relevant species:
C botulinum
C difficile
C perfringens
C tetani

Question 6

Clostridium types associated with GI infection

Answer 6

C botulinum
C difficile
C perfringens

Question 7

Clostrium types associated with traumatic and puncture wounds

Answer 7

C perfringens

C tetani

Question 8

C botulinum

Answer 8

gram + rod, anaerobe, spore forming

flaccid paralysis due to ingestion of botulism toxin (food poisoning)

Question 9

C difficile

Answer 9

gram + rod, anaerobe, spore forming
normal GI microbiota
causes antibiotic associated diarrhea and can progress to toxic mega colon

Question 10

C perfringens

Answer 10

gram + rod, anaerobic, spore forming
found in GI tract of humans, in nature
causes food poisoning, traumatic injury associated cellulitis, myonecrosis with gas grangrene

Question 11

C tetani

Answer 11

gram + rod, anaerobic, spore forming
found in GI tract of humans, in nature
causes tetanus: spores introduced into puncture wound –> toxin production –> spastic paralysis

Question 12

Bacillus spp

Answer 12

gram + rod, aerobic, spore forming
2 medically relevant:
Bacillus cereus (food poisoning)
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

Question 13

Bacillus cereus

Answer 13

gram + rod, aerobic, spore forming
single or in pairs
causes diarrhea or emetic food poisoning associated with re-heated rice

Question 14

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 14

gram + rod, aerobic, spore forming
chains, boxcar
causes 3 kinds of anthrax:
cutaneous anthrax (spore in cut)
pulmonary anthrax (inhalation of spores via working with pelts or bioterrorism)
GI anthrax (ingestion of spores)

Question 15

how to distinguish between B cereus and B anthracis

Answer 15

motility gelatin hydrolysis hemolysis

Question 16

one type of gram + aerobic spore forming species

Answer 16

bacillus spp

includes B cereus and B anthracis

Question 17

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 17

gram + rods, non spore forming
highly pleomorphic (club shaped, Chinese characters)
causes diphtheria, pharyngitis:
malaise and sore throat –> stupor, coma, death

Question 18

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 18

gram + rods, facultative anaerobe, non spore forming
INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN
raw veggies and ready to eat meats
at risk: pregnant women, age extremes
can be transmitter in utero
WIDE TEMP GROWTH RANGE
resistant to salt conc, wide pH range

Question 19

S aureus

Answer 19

gram + cocci, catalase +, coagulase +

Question 20

S epidermidis

Answer 20

gram + cocci, catalase +, coagulase -, novobiocin +

Question 21

S saprophyticus

Answer 21

gram + cocci, catalase +, coagulase -, novobiocin -

Question 22

Staphylococcus spp

Answer 22

gram + cocci, catalase +

Question 23

Streptococcus spp

Answer 23

gram + cocci, catalase -

Question 24

S pneumoniae

Answer 24

gram + cocci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, + optochin sensitive/bile soluble

Question 25

S mutans

Answer 25

gram + cocci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, - optochin sensitive/bile soluble

Question 26

S mitis

Answer 26

gram + cocci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, - optochin sensitive/bile soluble

Question 27

enterococcus faecium

Answer 27

gram + cocci, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, + growth in 6.5% NaCl group D

Question 28

enterococcus faecalis

Answer 28

gram + cocci, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, + growth in 6.5% NaCl group D

Question 29

S bovis

Answer 29

gram + cocci, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, - growth in 6.5% NaCl group C

Question 30

S pyogenes

Answer 30

gram + cocci, catalase -, beta hemolytic, + bacitracin sensitivity group A

Question 31

S agalactiae

Answer 31

gram + cocci, catalase -, beta hemolytic, - bacitracin sensitivity group B

Question 32

positive catalase test

Answer 32

H2O2 converted to H2O and O2 (bubbles)

Question 33

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 33

gram neg diplococci, + maltose utilization, aerobic meningitidis, meningococcemia, pneumonia STRICT PATHOGEN

Question 34

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 34

gram neg diplococci, - maltose utilization, aerobic STRICT PATHOGEN gonorrhea, disseminated infections of GU tract, neonatal ocular infections

Question 35

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer 35

gram neg diplococci, aerobic normal part of URT bronchitis, bronchopnemonia, sinusitis, otitis media

Question 36

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 36

gram neg rod, fast lactose fermentation

Question 37

Escherichia coli

Answer 37

gram neg rod, fast lactose fermentation

Question 38

Enterobacter

Answer 38

gram neg rod, fast lactose fermentation

Question 39

Citrobacter

Answer 39

gram neg rods, slow lactose fermentation

Question 40

Serratia

Answer 40

gram neg rods, slow lactose fermentation

Question 41

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 41

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, + oxidase

Question 42

Salmonella

Answer 42

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, + H2S

Question 43

Proteus

Answer 43

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, + H2S

Question 44

Shigella

Answer 44

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, - H2S

Question 45

Yersinia

Answer 45

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, - H2S

Question 46

Coccobacilli

Answer 46

``` haemophilus influenzae pasturella brucella bordetella pertussis francisella tularensis acinetobacter bartonella ```