Major Minerals Flashcards
(33 cards)
What % body weight do minerals make up
4-5%
Calcium makes up what % of the minerals in the body
50% (99% found in bone)
What mineral makes up 25% of the minerals in the body
Phosphorus (70% found in bone)
What are minerals mostly extracted as
Salt forms
What state are minerals absorbed in
Ionic state
What is the exception to minerals absorbed in the ionic state
Heme iron is absorbed as a complex before released
What often influences absorption
Organic factors in diet
What kind of charge do metals have? non metals?
Metals positive, non negative
What are metalloproteins? Examples?
proteins containing a metal ex. hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes
What are metalloenzymes? Examples?
Enzymes containing a metal. ex. catalase, superoxide dismutase
What are the most common minerals to be deficient in
Calcium and iron
What are the minerals you are most likely to have an insufficiency in
Zinc and Magnesium
How much of the major minerals should you intake daily
100 mg/day
What major minerals are found in bone
Ca, Mg, P
What major minerals are electrolytes
K, Na, Cl
What is the most abundant divalent cation in the body***
Calcium
Calcium makes up what % of the total body weight, and where is it mostly found
2%, bone and teeth
What is the MC salt for calcium to be found in
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Why is it a good idea to take a calcium carbonate supplement with a meal
It requires 1 hour in acidic environment to release the Ca
Which forms of calcium do not require acid
Calcium citrate and lactate
How is Ca absorbed actively in the SI
Using calbindin 9k (stim by vit. D)
What happens to diffusion in the SI when large amounts of Ca are consumed
It becomes Passive because Calbindin 9k gets saturated (no vit. D required)
What is the max amount of Ca that can be absorbed at one time
500 mg, space throughout day
What enhances absorption of Ca
Vit. D, sugars, proteins (GOOD)
