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RPD > Major & Minor Connectors > Flashcards

Major & Minor Connectors Flashcards

1
Q

MAJOR CONNECTOR

A

That component of a partial denture
which joins the minor connectors and
their attached assemblies together
to form a solid unit

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2
Q

REQUIREMENTS OF
MAJOR CONNECTORS
(2)

A

rigidity
location

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3
Q

RIGIDITY
(4)

A

• Functions as one unit
• Broad stress distribution
• Reduce torque
• Avoid tissue
damage

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4
Q

flexibility=

A

force conc

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5
Q

Cross-Arch Stabilization
(Counterleverage)

A

– Bracing elements on one side of the arch
providing stability to the other

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6
Q

Non-Interference with Tissues

A

– Should not enter undercut areas
• avoid by changing path of insertion
• or by using blockout

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7
Q

Avoid terminating on:

A

– Free gingival margin
• Cross abruptly at 90o
• Relief is used to minimize impingement
– Lingual frenum & the movable soft palate
– Soft tissue movements must also be
allowed
– Careful intraoral exam

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8
Q

Minimize Food Impaction
(2)

A

• Locate margins away from the FGM
• Eliminate “traps” or large concavities
where food can collect

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9
Q

Unobtrusive
• Smooth transition from

A

connector to
denture base - butt joint

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10
Q

Unobtrusive
• Line angles and edges should be
• Borders should not interfere with

A

smooth and rounded
speech

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11
Q

Considerations for Maxillary
Major Connectors
• Borders are placed parallel to and a
minimum of – mm from
gingival margins

A

6

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12
Q

Considerations for Maxillary
Major Connectors
No relief required except where
crosses

A

gingival margin

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13
Q

Considerations for Maxillary
Major Connectors
Anterior borders follow valleys
between

A

rugae

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14
Q

Considerations for Maxillary Major Connectors
• Anterior & posterior borders cross
midline at — angle

A

right

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15
Q

Considerations for Maxillary Major Connectors
thickness of metal

A

uniform

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16
Q

Considerations for Maxillary Major Connectors
Borders beaded: — mm wide & deep

A

0.75-1.0

– Displaces soft tissue, seals border (helps
maintain tissue contact). Also, provides
additional strength (for maxillary major
connectors)

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17
Q

LOCATION
to avoid…
(9)

A

• Tissue impingement
• Ending on crests of
rugae
• Irritation of surface
eminences during
insertion / removal
• Ending on incisal 1/3
of anterior teeth
Food impaction
• Occlusal
interferences
• Speech
interference
• Gagging
• Tongue
irritation

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18
Q

LOCATION
to avoid…
• Tissue impingement
(3)

A

–6mm from gingival crest
(Maxillary)
–3mm from gingival crest
(Mandibular)
–Cross at right angles to
the gingival margins

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19
Q

MAXILLARY MAJOR
CONNECTOR SELECTION

A

• Palatal tori
• Anterior teeth
replacement
• Anterior teeth
stabilization
• Indirect retention
• Phonetics
• Patient attitudes
• Support
• Retention
• Stability
• Contingency
planning
• Occlusion

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20
Q

MAXILLARY MAJOR
CONNECTORS
(4)

A

Palatal Strap
Palatal Plate
Anterior-Posterior Strap
Horseshoe or “U”

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21
Q

Palatal Strap
- Indications -
(4)

A

• Tooth supported situations -
Class III
• Small posterior edentulous areas
• Minimal tissue
support required
• Patient preference

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22
Q

Palatal Strap
- Contraindications -
(5)

A

• Distal extension situations –
Class I or II
• Severe palatal undercuts
• Large torus
• RPD to replace anterior teeth
• When definitive support from
palatal tissue is required

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23
Q

Palatal Strap
- Advantages -
(2)

A

• Excellent support and rigidity
• Distribute stress of mastication
over a wider area

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24
Q

Palatal Strap
- Disadvantages -
(1)

A

• Coverage of palate may cause
discomfort and interference with
phonetics

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25
Q

Palatal Strap
- Location -
(3)

A

• Anterior border follows valley between
rugae at right angle to median suture
• Posterior border at right angle to median
suture
• Confined to area bounded
by four principle rests

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26
Q

Palatal Plate
(3)

A

• Long-span distal extension RPDs with or
without anterior tooth replacement
• Flat residual ridges
• Periodontally weakened abutments

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27
Q

Palatal Plate
- Contraindications -
(1)

A

• Severely undercut
torus

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28
Q

Palatal Plate
- Advantages -
(2)

A

• Optimum support and rigidity
• Increase retention due to increased
interfacial surface tension

29
Q

Palatal Plate
- Disadvantages -
(3)

A

• Can not be used with torus
• Coverage of the palate may
diminish taste, interfere with
phonetics.
• Difficult to cast

30
Q

Palatal Plate
- Location -
(2)

A

• Anterior border between rugae
valleys and at right angle to median
suture
• Posterior border :
Extends to junction
of soft and hard
palate

31
Q

Anterior-Posterior Palatal
Strap
- Indications -
(2)

A

• Circumvent a torus
• Strong, widely separated abutments
(Distal extension RPDs; Distal
extension RPDs also replacing
anterior teeth)

32
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal
Strap
- Contraindications -
(3)

A

• SOME maxillary designs due to
narrow bulky straps
• Patients with high
narrow vaults
• Phonetic
interference

33
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal
Strap
- Advantages -
(2)

A

• Structurally, very rigid - straps
in 2 planes
• Minimal tissue
coverage

34
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal
Strap
- Disadvantages -
(1)

A

• Large amount of border area to
blend

35
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap
- Location -
(2)

A

• Anterior/posterior straps – 6-8 mm
• For palatal opening to be beneficial, the
space between anterior & posterior
straps should be
15 mms.

36
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal
Strap
- Location -Posterior strap
(2)

A

– distal extension to vibrating line and
extended through hamular notches
– tooth supported not more posterior than
distal abutment

37
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Indications -
(4)

A

• **In very high vault palate **
• Large inoperable torus
• Anterior tooth replacement
• Patient is intolerant
of palatal coverage

38
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Contraindications -
(1)

A

• The Least Rigid maxillary
connector, therefore ANYTIME
another connector may be used

39
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Advantages -
(2)

A

• Can be designed to replace missing
anteriors
• Conforms to
patient’s previous
experience

40
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Disadvantages -
(3)

A

• Requires additional bulk for rigidity
• Can interfere with patient’s
tongue/speech
• Even with rest, may lack support
causing possible tissue impingement

41
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Location -
(2)

A

• Anterior border:
– terminates in valley of rugae at
right angle to suture, or;
– on the cingula of teeth extending
contact point to contact point
• Posterior border located at the
turning point of the palate

42
Q

BEADING OF THE
MAXILLARY CAST

A

A prepared groove on the master
cast along the designated borders of
maxillary major connectors
This produces a positive bead on the
major connector of the RPD

43
Q

BEADING OF THE
MAXILLARY CAST
- functions -
(4)

A

• Increased rigidity
• Guide for finishing
• Compensates for casting inaccuracies
• Displaces soft tissue, preventing
food/fluid collection

44
Q

BEADING OF THE
MAXILLARY CAST
- form -
(4)

A

• 1/2 round
• 1 mm deep and
1.5 mm wide
• Feathers out to
nothing 6 mm from
free gingival margin
• Shallower over
mid-palatal suture

45
Q

MANDIBULAR MAJOR
CONNECTOR SELECTION

A

• Mandibular tori
• Anterior tooth
replacement
• Indirect
retention
• Patient
preference
• Lingual frenum and
floor of mouth
position
• Open embrasures
between teeth
• Overlapping of
anteriors
• Contingency
planning

46
Q

MANDIBULAR MAJOR
CONNECTORS
(3)

A

Lingual bar
Lingual plate
Labial bar

47
Q

Lingual bar
- Indications -
(2)

A

• Whenever possible, if no contraindications are
evident
• A depth of at least 7 mm measured from the
lowest point of the gingival margins to the
floor of the mouth is required

48
Q

Lingual bar
- Contraindications -
(7)

A

• Shallow floor of mouth and prominent frenum
• Inoperable tori
• Teeth in linguoversion
• Teeth require stabilization
• RPD requires additional stabilization
• RPD requires benefit of additional indirect
retention
• Contingency planning

49
Q

Lingual bar
- Advantages -
(1)

A

• Covers the minimum of the tissues

50
Q

Lingual bar
- Disadvantages -
(1)

A

• It may be flexible if poorly
constructed

51
Q

Lingual bar
- Location -
(3)

A

• Superior border 3-4 mm inferior to
free gingival margin
• Inferior border at height of lingual
sulcus with tongue slightly elevated
• Bar height is 4-5 mm

52
Q

Inferior Border Mandible
(2)

A

• Patient lifts tongue
–Activates floor of mouth
• Measure from tip of probe to free
gingival margin

53
Q

Lingual plate
- Indications -
(5)

A

• Insufficient lingual
vestibular space for lingual
bar (less than 7 mm from
gingival margins to the
floor of the mouth)
• Anticipated future
replacement of anterior
teeth
• Indirect retention
• Bilateral distal extension
with flat residual ridges
(Provide resistance
against horizontal
movements)
• Presence of mandibular
tori
• Patient preference

54
Q

Lingual plate
- Contraindications -
(6)

A

• Adequate depth to floor
of the mouth for a bar
• Prominent diastemas
(large interdental spaces)
• Severely anterior
crowding
• No additional
requirement for
indirect retention
• Patient preference
• Teeth in linguoversion

55
Q

Lingual plate
- Advantages -
(1)

A

• More rigid than lingual bar

56
Q

Lingual plate
- Disadvantages -
(4)

A

• Covers teeth and tissue
• Compromised oral hygiene “possible
increase enamel decalcification”
• More metal to fit, more difficult to
fit the framework
• Esthetic with diastemas (however,
can modify plate to overcome)

57
Q

Lingual plate
- Location -
(3)

A

• Superior border contacts cingula of
anterior teeth extending from contact
point to contact point
• Inferior border at height of alveolar
lingual sulcus with tongue elevated
• Must be supported by rests at terminal
ends

58
Q

Labial bar
- Indications -
(2)

A

• Lingually inclined anterior or
posterior teeth
• Prominent,
superiorly located
inoperable tori

59
Q

Labial bar
- Contraindications -
(1)

A

Where tooth positioning will
permit another connector

60
Q

Labial bar-
Advantages -
(1)

A

Permits an RPD to be fabricated

61
Q

Labial bar
Disadvantages -
(4)

A

Difficult to fabricate
Must be bulky to be rigid
Not esthetic
Traps food in vestibular area

62
Q

Labial bar
- Location -
(2)

A

• Superior border is at least 4 mm from
buccal and labial free gingival margin
• Inferior border is located at the
junction of the attached and
unattached mucosa

63
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR

A

That component of a
partial denture which
joins the major
connector with other
parts of the framework

64
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR
- Types -
• Joins ______________to the major
connector (3)

A

– the clasp assembly
– indirect retainers or auxiliary rests
– the denture base
• Serves as an approach arm for a
vertical projection or bar type clasp

65
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR
- Functions -
(4)

A

• Transfers functional stress to
abutments
• Transfers effect of retainers, rests
and stabilizing components to the rest
of the denture (abutment to
prosthesis)
• Unites retainers, rests and denture
base to the major connector
• Helps to resist lateral movement

66
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR
REQUIREMENTS
• — with minimal bulk
• Located in —
• — in shape
• Thickest toward —
• Joins major connector at
— angle
• — to contact point
• Smooth and rounded
• Minimum of — between
vertical connectors

A

Rigid
embrasure
Triangular
lingual
right
Tapers
5mm

67
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR
REQUIREMENTS
• Cover minimal —
• Cross gingiva at —
angle
• Must not impinge on —
• Contact —- surfaces
• Minimal interference
with — placement

A

gingival tissue
right
tissue
guiding plane
denture tooth

68
Q

The proximal plate, which is
the portion of the framework that

A

contacts the proximal side of the
tooth, is also considered a minor
connector.

69
Q

Minor connectors are

A

strong and rigid
parts of a removable partial denture and
connect other units, such as rests, with
the major connector.

RPD (22 decks)

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