MAJOR TAXA

Question 1

The diversity Kingdom Animalia -Phylum Ctenophora

Answer 1

-Comb Jellies - Diploblastic organism with radial symmetry. -Acoelomate -

Question 2

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 2

-2 distinct, symmetrical sides -triploblastic( 3 germ layers.) -exhibit cephalization.( the concentration of nervous tissues at the anterior end of the organism)

Question 3

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Answer 3

-Flatworms -Acoelomates( no body cavity) -undergo respiration thru diffusion. -have one digestive opening -Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes -closely related to the phylum rotifers

Question 4

phylum rotifera

Answer 4

-microscopic filter feeders. -pseudocoelomates (have a coeloms but they are not completely lined by mesoderm- derived tissue.) -Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes

Question 5

Phylum Nematoda

Answer 5

-Round worms have complex respiratory and digestive systems. -free living soil dwellers that help decompose and recycle nutrients. -Pseudocoelomates –Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes

Question 6

Phylum Annelida

Answer 6

-Earth worms and leeches. -True coelomates -Have complex, segmented bodies; -Move by muscle contraction with bristles called setae and limbs called parapodia. -Closest relative to the mollusks –Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes

Question 7

Phylum of Mollusca

Answer 7

-Largest marine phylum –Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes -true coelomates -have nervous system and cephalization. -Have a mantle ( enclose cavity for respiration and execration.) -Radula - a tongue -foot for motility and anchoring

Question 8

Phylum Mollusca have three classes

Answer 8

-Class bivalvia(bivalves) -Class Gastropoda (Gastropods) -class Cephalopods (cephalopods)

Question 9

-Class bivalvia(bivalves)

Answer 9

• clams and oysters -filter feeders -secret hinged shells

Question 10

-Class Gastropoda (Gastropods)

Answer 10

• snails and slugs -have a single continuous shell and are noted for their large developed feet. -herbivorous

Question 11

-class Cephalopods (cephalopods)

Answer 11

-the most advanced mollusks -octopus, squid and nautilus. -well developed cephalization and are primary predators, using their tentacles to attack prey.

Question 12

Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 12

-Anthropods -characterized by their jointed limbs, segmented body plan and exoskeleton. -the exoskelton is made of chitin. The coelom surrounds only the reproductive and excretory system.with a special body cavity called hemocoel facilitating their open circulatory system. -advanced brain and nervous system with chemoreceptors

Question 13

Arthropods

Answer 13

have two life cycles. -nymphs develop to an adult -larva enter a cocoon and undergoes metamorphosis or sudden development into an adult.

Question 14

The Phylum of Arthropods are divided into 4 subphyla

Answer 14

-Subphylum Crustacea -Subphylum Myriapoda -Subphylum Chelicerata -subphylum Hexapoda

Question 15

Subphylum Crustacea

Answer 15

-insects of the sea. -lobsters, crabs, shrimps, krill and barnacles. -herbivores -feed on phytoplankton.

Question 16

Subphylum Myriapoda

Answer 16

-exclusively terrestrial. -centipedes and millipedes.

Question 17

Subphylum Chelicerata

Answer 17

class Arachnida -spiders, scorpoins, ticks and mites -have 8 legs and advanced eyes excellent predators

Question 18

subphylum Hexapoda

Answer 18

-Class Insecta -all insects are characterized by their -3 part body plan -six legs -antennae

Question 19

Echinodermata

Answer 19

-First deuterostomes -coelomate -radial symmetry -sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

Question 20

phylum chordata

Answer 20

-most advanced deuterostomes -have a notochord in the early embryo. -the notochord develop into a vertebral column . so they are classified under the subphylum Vertebrata.

Question 21

Non-Vertebral Chordates

Answer 21

The notochord persists after birth; muscles help the animal move. Tunicates and lancelets. -both are filter feeders

Question 22

Notochord

Answer 22

A flexible rod that extends below the dorsal nerve cord along the length of all chordate embryos -derived from the mesoderm and develops during the neurulation of the embryo.. All chordates poses a notochord. In Vertebral chordates, the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column later in the embryonic development.

Question 23

Pharyngeal Pouches

Answer 23

-present in all chordate embryos. they are openings between the pharynx and the environment. NON-VERTEBRATE: pouch become pharyngeal slits- which develops into filter feeding and gas exchange. VERTEBRATES: pouch become pharyngeal arches - which develops into the jaw, hyoid bone, thyroid, the larynx, tonsil

Question 24

Dorsal nerve cord

Answer 24

Derived from the ectoderm, forms the central nervous system. it develops into the spinal cord and anterior part of the brain.

Question 25

Class Chondrichthyes

Answer 25

-sharks,skates and rays the notochord is replaced by cartilage rather than bone. -tough skin and predatory

Question 26

Super class Osteichthyes

Answer 26

-origin of all other fishes. -bony fish have a bony jaw and skeleton -divided into, -(ray fishes) -class Actinopterygii and lobe-finned fish(class sarcopterygii). -Ray fishes represent majority of the fish species on earth.

Question 27

Ectothermic

Answer 27

Fishes are cold blooded as their temperature is dependent on their environment.

Question 28

super class Tetrapods

Answer 28

Tetrapods were the origin of animals like snakes and marine mammals. -Class Amphibia -Class Reptilia -Class Aves -Class Mammalia

Question 29

-Class Amphibia

Answer 29

-adapted both to the terrestrial and aquatic habitats. -ectotherms. -

Question 30

The three main orders of -Class Amphibia

Answer 30

-Order Anura-frogs and toads -Order Caudata- Salamanders -Order Gymnophiona- caecilians(large worms)

Question 31

class Mammalia

Answer 31

Majority of mammals are placental, with offspring developing in the uterus and are nourished by a placenta. -nearly all give live birth -endotherms.

Question 32

Class Aves

Answer 32

-descendant of reptiles. -they are birds. -have bills instead of teeth. -lightweight bones to fly. -endotherms.