Major Theories & Perspectives on Development Flashcards
Development psychology theories and their names, authors, explanation and strengths vs weaknesses (23 cards)
According to Piaget, how many stages of cognitive development do children move through?
Four
What is Piaget’s view on the role children play in their learning?
They take an active role, acting like little scientists.
What is the age range for Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage?
0-2
What is a key cognitive achievement during the Sensorimotor stage?
Developing object permanence.
What is the age range for Piaget’s Preoperational stage?
2 to 7 years.
What is a major characteristic of thinking during the Preoperational stage?
Egocentrism (difficulty seeing other perspectives).
What is the age range for Piaget’s Concrete Operational stage?
7 to 11 years.
What is the age range for Piaget’s Formal Operational stage?
12 years and up.
According to Piaget, do children just gain more knowledge as they age?
No, there is a qualitative change in how they think.
What is a schema in Piaget’s theory?
What is a schema in Piaget’s theory?
What is assimilation in Piaget’s theory?
Taking in new information and fitting it into existing schemas.
What is accommodation in Piaget’s theory?
Changing existing schemas or creating new ones to fit new information.
What is equilibration in Piaget’s theory?
The process of balancing assimilation and accommodation to achieve stable understanding.
According to Piaget, is learning a passive or active process?
Active; children construct knowledge by acting on the world.
In contrast to Piaget, what did Vygotsky emphasize in cognitive development?
The role of society, culture, and interaction with others.
True or false: In the sensorimotor phase, we realize that we are separate beings from the people and objects around us
True
What’s constructivism?
The theory that knowledge is constructed by individuals based on their experiences of the world
Is Jean Piaget’s theory a cognitive or psychodynamic perspective?
Cognitive
What description goes with the sensorimotor stage?
Experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping.)
What description goes with the formal observational stage?
Abstract reasoning.
What description goes with the preoperational stage?
Representing things with words and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
What description goes with the concrete operational stage?
Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations.
Whose theory focuses on psychosocial development across the entire lifespan?
