majority v. minority Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are civil rights?
Protections for individuals from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, sex, and other characteristics, ensuring equal treatment under the law.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
An amendment to the Constitution passed in 1865 prohibiting slavery within the United States.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
An amendment to the Constitution passed in 1868 granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and placing restrictions on state laws that ought to abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States.
What is the equal protection clause?
Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that has been used to protect the civil rights of Americans from discrimination based on race, national origin, and other characteristics (and gender).
What is the Fifteenth Amendment?
An amendment to the Constitution passed in 1870 granting voting rights to African American men.
What does ‘separate but equal’ mean?
The doctrine that racial segregation was constitutional so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.
What is legal segregation?
The segregation by law of individuals based on their race.
What is de jure segregation?
The separation of individuals based on their characteristics, such as race, intentionally and by law.
What is de facto segregation?
A separation of individuals based on characteristics that occurs not by law but because of other factors, such as residential housing patterns.
What is a social movement?
Large groups of citizens organizing for political change.
What is civil disobedience?
The intentional refusal to obey a law to call attention to its injustice.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Legislation outlawing racial segregation in schools and public places and authorizing the attorney general to sue individual school districts that failed to desegregate.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Legislation outlawing literacy tests and authorizing the Justice Department to send federal officers to register voters in uncooperative cities, counties, and states.
What is the Nineteenth Amendment?
A 1920 constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote.
What is Title IX of the Higher Education Amendments of 1972?
Legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools receiving federal aid, which has the impact of increasing female participation in sports programs.
