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RHS Complete Gardener's Manual > Make a Start > Flashcards

Make a Start Flashcards

1
Q

What four things do plants need?

A
  1. Moisture
  2. Temperature
  3. Sunlight
  4. Nutrition
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2
Q

What temperature do tender specimens tolerate?

A

Down to +5 Celcius

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3
Q

What temperature do frost-hardy specimens tolerate?

A

Down to -5 Celcius

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4
Q

What temperature do fully hardy specimens tolerate?

A

Down to -20 Celcius

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5
Q

What three key elements do plants need?

A

Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K) and Phosphorous (P)

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6
Q

What does nitrogen govern?

A

The growth of leaves and shoots

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7
Q

What is potassium required for?

A

Flowering and fruiting

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8
Q

What does phosphorous promote?

A

Strong root growth

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9
Q

What is an annual plant?

A

An annual plant completes their life cycle in a single growing season

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10
Q

What is a biennial plant?

A

A biennial plant usually complete their life cycle in two years

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11
Q

What is a perennial plant?

A

A perennial plant lives on from one year to the next

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12
Q

What are the six methods of plant reproduction?

A
  1. Runners
  2. Rhizomes
  3. Bulbils
  4. Offsets
  5. Insect pollination
  6. Wind pollination
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13
Q

What is a runner?

A

A runner is a stem that grows out from the parent plant.
They root where they touch the soil surface and can later be severed and transplanted.

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14
Q

What is a rhizome?

A

A rhizome is a specialised stem that travels through the ground from the parent plant emerging as a cluster of new shoots a distance away.

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15
Q

What is a bulbil?

A

A bulbil is a bulb-like growth produced from the stems of some plants. They drop on the soil and take root, or can be pulled off and planted.

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16
Q

What is an offset?

A

An offset is a miniature version of a parent plant growing in ground-encrusting colonies. They can be pulled away and potted up seperately.

17
Q

What are the two Latin words used to classify plants?

A

The genus and the epithet

18
Q

What is a family?

A

A group of several genera that share a set of underlying natural characteristics. Family names usually end in -aceae.

19
Q

What is a genus?

A

A group of one or more plants that share a range of distinct characteristics.

20
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of plants that breeds naturally to produce offspring with similar characteristics; these distinguish it from other populations in nature.

21
Q

What is a subspecies?

A

A naturally occurring, distinct variant of a species, differing in one or more characteristics.

22
Q

What is a varietas (var.)?

A

A minor species subdivision, differing slightly in botanical structure.

23
Q

What is a forma (f.)?

A

A minor variant of a species,
often differing in flower colour or habit from others in the species.

23
Q

What is a forma (f.)?

A

A minor variant of a species, often differing in flower colour or habit from others in the species.

24
Q

What is a cultivar?

A

A selected or artificially raised, distinct variant of a species, subspecies, varietas, forma, or hybrid.

25
Q

What are the four things to check when buying a new contained-grown plant?

A
  1. Signs of care (well supported, neat and tied in growth, fresh compost)
  2. Reject pots with mature weeds or moss
  3. Look under the pot to see if there are roots growing through the drainage holes
  4. Check the roots to see if they are healthy
26
Q

What three things make up soil?

A
  1. Ground-up rock particles
  2. Organic matter (humus)
  3. Microscopic organisms and tiny invertebrates
27
Q

What are the four main types of soil?

A
  1. Sandy soils
  2. Loam soils
  3. Clay soils
  4. Chalk soils
28
Q

What are the three main types of compost?

A
  1. Soil-based compost
  2. Multi-purpose compost
  3. Ericaceous compost
29
Q

When would you use soil-based compost?

A

Soil-based compost is the best choice for the long-term health of perennials, climbers, shrubs, and trees grown in containers.

30
Q

When would you use multi-purpose compost?

A

Multi-purpose compost is good for short-term planting such as summer patio pots.

31
Q

When would you use ericaceous compost?

A

Ericaceous compost is used for shrubs that require acid soil.

32
Q

What is the NPK ratio on chemical fertilisers?

A

The NPK ratio shows the relative proportions of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K)

33
Q

Which fertiliser will sort all plants?

A

A potassium rich fertiliser

34
Q

What is mulching?

A

Mulching is covering soil with a layer of organic matter, such as chipped bark, garden compost, manure, or cocoa shells.

35
Q

How deep should a layer of mulching be?

A

5 to 8cm.

36
Q

What is green manure?

A

Green manure is a crop grown and dug in before it sets seed, and is used on vegetable beds to improve the soil.

RHS Complete Gardener's Manual (9 decks)

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