Making Crude Oil Useful Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only
Name the name of alkanes and their formula
1. Methane CH4 H H-C-H H 2. Ethane C2H6 H- H H- C-C-H H-H 3. Propane C3H8 H-H-H H- C-C-C-H H-H-H 4. Butane C4H10 H-H-H-H H-C-C-C-C-H H-H-H-H 5. Pentane C5H12 H-H-H-H-H H-C-C-C-C-C-H H-H-H-H-H 6. Hexane C6H14 H-H-H-H-H-H H-C-C-C-C-C-C-H H-H-H-H-H-H
What is meant by non renewable fuels?
Fuels that take a very long time to make and are used up faster than they are formed
What is the formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What are alkenes?
A series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond
What are the names of alkenes?
- Methene
- Ethene
- Propene
- Butene
- Pentene
- Hexene
What is the formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
How can we test for an alkene?
Test it with bromine water. If an alkene is present, the bromine water will go from orange to colourless
What happens to the boiling point of longer hydrocarbons?
They have a higher boiling point
What does cracking do? Why
Breaking down longer hydrocarbon chains to short chains. Shorter chains are more useful alkanes and alkenes
What are alkenes used for?
Plastic
What are the two methods of cracking called and what conditions are needed?
Thermal cracking- high temperature and pressure
Catalyst cracking- low temperature and pressure
What is cracking?
Long chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down to shorter chains
What kind of molecule contains a carbon- carbon double bond?
Alkene
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
By method are the hydrocarbons in crude oil separated?
By heating
Fractions are produced. What is a fraction?
A mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points
How can you tell that each fraction is a mixture of substances and not a pure substance?
A range of boiling points because there is a range of hydrocarbons
Octane is in petrol. Eicosane is in diesel. Which fuel is the most flammable?
Petrol
Octane is in petrol. Eicosane is in diesel. Which fuel is most viscous?
Diesel
Octane is in petrol. Eicosane is in diesel. Which fuel burns with the cleanest flame?
Petrol
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes are saturated molecules. What does this mean?
They only have single bond
What is the formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
