Making of america- America's expansion 1789-1838 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Name three of the thirteen original states
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania
Give three reasons as to why the USA grew so rapidly
The First President- George Washington fought wars with native Americans in the northwest and took their lands
Slaveholders wanted to expand their plantation businesses, especially in the warm south
The US government arranged the Louisiana Purchase (530 million acres of land) bought in 1803
Why was there conflict between White Americans and native Americans during this time period?
All of the lands taken over by the US government were already occupied by native Americans. Thousands of plains Indians were forced to move further west
Why was there conflict between white northerners and white southerners?
Northern business owners thought that slavery was unfair competition for their factories. They also saw slavery as old fashioned
White southerners thought that northern business owners were greedy and morally corrupt
Why was their conflict between Abolitionists and white Americans?
Abolitionists viewed slavery as immoral. They tried to stop it
What was the impact of the growth of cotton and slavery on the economy in the south?
By 1820, cotton made up 42% of all US exports
Between 1815 and 1819 around 100,000 enslaved people were sold in the south
What was the impact of the growth of cotton and slavery on the economy in the North?
Northern factory owners bought southern cotton and turned it into cloth
Northern business people invested in the sale of slaves
Give three reasons as to why slavery expanded
In 1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which helped process cotton 50 times faster
Banks were willing to lend money to slave holders on the promise that it would be paid back with interest
Slave holders in the old south decided to open new plantations in the deep south
Why was the Missouri compromise introduced
Many people in the north became worried that slave holders in the south were becoming too powerful
People were also worried that if a new slave state, or new free state was added to the USA it would upset the balance of power
What was the Missouri compromise?
The Missouri compromise of 1820 drew a virtual line across the middle of the country. Any states created in the west which fell below this line could be slave states, any above had to be free states. The Missouri compromise set down a pattern of adding states to the USA in pairs: one slave and one non-slave
What were the five civilised tribes?
Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole
Who became president in 1830 and how long did he serve for?
Andrew Jackson (1830-1838)
What law did Jackson pass?
Jackson persuaded congress to pass the Indian removal act of 1830 (a law which promised native Americans money if they agreed to relocate)
How did the Choctaw and Chickasaw react to the Indian removal act?
They quickly signed treaties and began moving west.
Despite their cooperation, thousands died due to harsh winters, lack of government funds and disease
How did the Cherokee react to the Indian removal act?
Took their case to the supreme court to complain. In 1832, the supreme court ruled that the Cherokee could stay
How did the creek react to the Indian removal act?
Refused to sign a treaty at all
What tactics did the US government use to remove the Seminole between 1830 and 38
In 1830, a small group of Seminole signed a treaty
However not all of them agreed to go, so the government declared war on them (1835-42)
The USA lost the war but had the Seminole chief Osceola killed
After the loss of Osceola, the remaining Seminole were forced to move west
What tactics did the US government use to remove the Creek between 1830-38?
They were unwilling to move, so signed a treat giving up land in 1832.
By 1835, the creek began attacking the settlers and stealing their livestock
Between 1836 and 37, the army forcibly removed 15000 creek
What tactics did the US government use to remove the Cherokee between 1830 and 38?
By 1838 only 2000 Cherokee had moved west and the army was sent to remove the 16000 Cherokee who had stayed in Georgia
The Cherokee were forced into concentration camps
The Cherokee were forced-marched to Indian territory on the “trail of tears” where 4000 native Americans died
