Making Society more prosocial Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is prosocial behaviour?
Voluntary actions intended to benefit others (Eisenberg & Mussen, 1989).
How is altruism different from general prosocial behaviour?
Altruism is motivated purely by concern for others, without self-interest.
Give two examples of prosocial behaviours besides helping.
- Cooperation
- prosocial lying.
Name three types of prosocial behaviour according to Dunfield (2014).
- Helping
- sharing
- comforting.
What is the main finding about prosociality in Disney movies (Padilla-Walker et al., 2013)?
On average, there is one act of prosocial behaviour per minute.
What is kin selection?
Helping relatives to increase one’s own genetic success.
Define reciprocal altruism (Trivers, 1971).
Helping others with the expectation that the favour will be returned later.
How might prosocial behaviour serve as a mating signal (Iredale et al., 2008)?
Public helping behaviours may increase attractiveness to potential mates.
What evolutionary advantage might human groups with higher cooperation levels have?
They outcompeted less cooperative groups.
What neural mechanism underpins empathy and prosociality across species?
Neural responses to others’ distress are modulated by relationships and group preferences.
What does the arousal cost-reward model (Piliavin et al., 1969) propose?
Helping behaviour depends on balancing empathy-induced arousal and costs/rewards.
Summarise the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1987).
Greater empathy leads to genuinely altruistic helping.
What is the negative state relief model (Cialdini et al., 1973)?
People help to reduce their own guilt and negative emotions.
What is “warm glow” giving (Andreoni, 1989)?
Helping because it produces positive feelings.
What role does reputation play in prosocial behaviour (Ariely et al., 2009)?
People help more when their actions are visible to others to maintain or enhance their social reputation.
According to Paciello et al. (2013), what two emotional factors predict prosocial behaviour?
- Empathy and prosocial reasoning (positive)
- personal distress and moral disengagement (negative).
What is compassion fade (Slovic et al., 2011)?
The tendency to feel less empathy as the number of people in need increases.
What are the five steps of Darley and Latané’s model of helping?
- Notice
- interpret as emergency
- take responsibility
- decide how to help
- help.
What is the identifiable victim effect?
People feel more compassion and willingness to help a single identifiable victim than large, anonymous groups.
List two benefits of behaving prosocially for the helper.
- Increased happiness
- stronger social connectedness.
According to Laguna et al (2020), what are the 4 types of prosociality
- Emotional (understanding & regulating emotions)
- Cognitive (teaching about prosociality & problem-solving)
- Behavioural (modelling & reinforcing )
- Other (counselling, psychotherapy?psychoeducation for parents)
What was the goal of Mesurado et al’s (2019) HERO Program
To promote prosocial behaviour in adolescents (e.g., helping others, empathy, and responsibility).
Who was the target group in the HERO program?
Argentinian adolescents aged 12–16 years old
What was the type of intervention used in the HERO program?
- A positive psychology school based program
- it ran for 7 weeks, each session 30 mins
