Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

year 5 - GIT Internal medicine > Malabsorption > Flashcards

Malabsorption Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the classifications of malabsorption ?

A

either generalized ( all major nutrient classes ) or specific ( single nutrient )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the normal range for fecal fat testing ?

A

2 to 7 grams over a 24 hour period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the minimum time for collection of faecal fat ?

A

3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a rapid way for testing absorption of fat in the small bowel ?

A

14 C triolein breath test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the contraindications to using the 14C triolein breath test ?

A

pregnancy
children
COAD ( chronic obstructive airway disease )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how can jejunal absorptive capacity be tested (intestinal permeability )?

A

xylose absorption test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what additional test to xylose absorption test must be used for children ?

A

blood levels of xylose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can cause problems when interpreting xylose absorption test ?

A

inaccurate urine collection
low GFR
delayed gastric emptying
oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is the detection of bacterial overgrowth achieved ?

A

14C glycocholate breath test ( bile acid breath test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the contraindications to 14C glycocholate breath test ?

A

pregnancy
children
chronic airway disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what specific test is used for cystic fibrosis ?

A

sweat electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can be used to diagnose a disaccharide deficiency ?

A

brush border biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

example of a disaccharidase deficiency ?

A

lactase deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can a diagnosis of impaired B12 absorption ?

A

Schilling test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the malabsorbed nutrient in a patient with easy bruising ?

A

vitamin K
vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the expected lab findings in a patient with easy bruising ?

A

increased prothrombin time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is thee malabsorbed nutrient in a patient with oedema and what is the expected lab findings ?

A

deficiency in protein
low albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if a patient presents with abdominal pain/distention/flatulence/ diarrhea what is the malbsorbed nutrient ?

A

lactose
bacterial overgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the expected lab findings in a patient with steatorrhea ?

A

low fat soluble vitamins ( ADEK )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the initial investigation for lactose intolerance?

A

hydrogen breath test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the initial investigation for bacterial overgrowth ?

A

14C Glycocholate breath test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the initial investigation for diarrhea associated with hyperthyroidism ?

A

TFT from serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the initial investigation for a patient with malabsorption due to EPI ?

A

faecal elastase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what diseases cause pancreatic insufficiency ?

A

chronic pancreatitis
cystic fibrosis
IBD
zollinger ellison syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
if the cause of malabsorption is Coeliac what is the initial investigation ?
IgA and anti-tTG antibodies
26
if the cause of malabsorption is due to IBD what is the initial investigation ?
faecal calprotectin
27
what are the differentials of megaloblastic anemia ?
cobalamin deficiency (B12 deficiency ) folate deficiency liver disease hypothyroidism hemolytic anemia
28
what are the causes of b12 deficiency ?
inadequate intake pernicious anemia gastrectomy pancreatic insufficiency bacterial overgrowth fish tapeworm abnormal intrinsic factor
29
what are the causes of pernicious anemia ?
autoimmune disorder - atrophic gastritis, loss of parietal cellss
30
where does b12 absorption occur ?
the terminal ileum
31
what is the serology for pernicious anemia ?
parietal cell antibodies but intrinsic factor antibodies are more specific
32
what other autoimmune diseases are associated with pernicious anemia ?
addison's disease vitiligo thyroid disease
33
what is the classic triad of pernicious anemia ?
weakness sore tongue - glossitis symmetrical paraesthesia inn thee finger and the toes
34
if a patient with neurological complications associated with b12 deficiency , what is the most app management ?
higher doses of b12
35
why must periodic evaluation of patients with pernicious anemia be done ?
in fear of gastric carcinoma
36
what is the criteria for the diagnosis of IBS ?
1- recurrent abdominal pain at least once a week for the last 3 months, associated with 2 or more of the following : - pain associated with defecation - associated with a change in stool frequency - associated with a change in stool form should be fulfilled for the last 3 months with onset over 6 months prior to diagnosis
37
what is the most sensitive and specific antibodies for the confirmation of celiac disease ?
tIgA and endomysial IgA IgA TTG
38
what is the pathology in celiac disease ?
villous atrophy
39
what are the dietary requirements for tesstiing in ccelliac disease ?
must be done on gluten containing diet ( 1 gluten containing meal every day for at least 6 weeks)
40
what dermatological disease is associated with celiac disease ?
dermatitis herpetiformis
41
what does a gluten free diet consist of ?
strict avoidance of any products containing wheat, barley and rye
42
what should diabetic patients with digestive issues be tested for ?
celiac disease
43
if there is found to be elevated ALT levels with no other explanation what should be sought after ?
celiac disease
44
what is the gold standard for the stimulation off pancreatic function ?
CCK and Secretin
45
where are bile salts and B12 reabsorbed ?
in the ileum
46
what does the presence of steatorrhea indicate ?
small bowel involvement / terminal ileum
47
what structure prevents the retrograde translocation of bacteria from the colon to the small intestine ?
ileocecal valve
48
how is a hydrogen breath test carried out ?
it is indicated in patients with diarrhea and/or abdominal discomfort given glucose for bacterial overgrowth lactose for lactose intolerance fructose for fructose malabsorption a baseline breath test is taken then one every 30 minutes
49
intestinal failure vs intestinal insufficiency ?
failure : reduction in the gut function that requires IV supplementation deficiency : reduction in the gut function but does not require IV supplementation
50
what are the pathological classifications of intestinal failure ?
short bowel intestinal fistula intestinal dysmotility mechanical obstruction extensive small bowel mucosal disease
51
what are the types of intestinal failure ?
Type I : acute, short term and self limiting Type II : prolonged acute condition, in metabolically unstable patients, require IV supplementation Type III : chronic condition, metabolically stable patient, requiring IV supplementation, may be reversible or irreversible
52
what are the main causes of short bowel syndrome ?
surgical resection mesenteric vessel occlusion radiation enteritis
53
what is better tolerated when it comes to the resection of the small bowel ?
resection of the jejunum is better tolerated than thee resection of the ileum
54
what are the consequences of ileal resection ?
b12 deficiency bile salt induced diarrhea steatorrhea and gallstone formation oxaluria and oxalate stones
55
what is the pharmacological therapy in short bowel syndrome ?
antisecretory agents : H2 receptor antagonist PPI antimotility agents : loperamide
56
what are the indications of intestinal transplantation in cases of intestinal failure ?
1. failure of home parenteral nutrition 2. high risk of death attributable to the underlying disease 3. intestinal failure with high morbidity or low acceptance of HPN
57
what are the signs of failure of HPN ?
impending or overt liver failure central venous catheter related thrombosis frequent central line sepsis severe dehydration despite IV fluids
58
what is the clinical presentation of whipple infection?
affection of the heart, brain and lungs peripheral lymphadenopathy arthritis and arthralgia abdominal pain flank pain and hematuria steatorrhea
59
how is a diagnosis of whipple confirmed ?
biopsy acid-schiff staining of macrophages electron microscopy then DNA
60
what is the treatment for whipple disease ?
must be treated with antibiotics that cross the blood-brain barrier ( co-trimoxazole) daily for one year this is preceded by a 2 week course of streptomycin and penicillin or ceftriaxone
61
at what Gy of radiation is damage to the intestine caused ?
40
62
when is pelvic irradiation usually used ?
gynecological and urinary tract malignancies ( affection of the ileum and the rectum )
63
what does radiation do to the rectum ?
radiation proctitis - with diarrhea and tenesmus, with or without blood
64
what can resistant anemia in cases of radiation proctitis be treated with ?
argon plasma coagulation
65
why does malbasorption happen in chronic radiation enteritis ?
bacterial overrgrowth in dilated segments and mucosal damage
66
what drugs can cause malbasorpttion ?
ccholestyramine , neomycin , orlistat
66
how can HIV patientts have malabsorption ?
more prone to parasitic infeections which can cause malabsorption

year 5 - GIT Internal medicine (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions