malaria

Question 1

why use a thick and thin smear

Answer 1

thick- prescence
thin- ID the organism

Question 2

how should malaria samples be taken

Answer 2

6-18 hour interval for at least 3 days because malaria goes through cycles

Question 3

best specimen

Answer 3

blood without anticoag

but EDTA is good also for retain some of the stippling

Question 4

when you have malaria your lab results can look like

Answer 4

hemolytic anemia

Question 5

what parasite is malaria caused by

Answer 5

plasmodium

bite of anopheles mosquito

Question 6

how does the organism and human replicate with malaria

Answer 6

organism- sexual
human- asexual

Question 7

how to diagnosis malaria

Answer 7

can be missed on automated counter

use smear

Question 8

drug used to treat malaria

Answer 8

chloroquine

Question 9

what form of malaria is injected from mosquito

Answer 9

Sporozoite

first travel to liver and than start asexual multiplication

known as exoerythrocytic cycle because not in RBC

Question 10

life cycle in RBC

Answer 10

schizogony

Question 11

cells in schizogeny

Answer 11

schizonts

Question 12

liver cells rupture and release

Answer 12

merozoites

-these invade RBCs
feed on RBCs and become ringed formed

Question 13

rings in RBCs called

Answer 13

trophozoites - most common form in RBC

Question 14

once rings in RBCs enlarge and become known as

Answer 14

schizonts

Question 15

trophozoites become bigger and bigger and ____- ____

Answer 15

break open and resemble amoeba

-they will regroup and become merozoites again and cause RBC to rupture and seek new RBC

Question 16

merozoites will do 1 of 2 things

Answer 16

infect other new RBCs
form gametocytes

Question 17

female gametocytes called

Answer 17

macrogametocytes

Question 18

male gametocytes called

Answer 18

microgametocytes

Question 19

infect female may now come and bite you and take up

Answer 19

gametocytes and start their cycle of secual reprodctuion in mosquito

Question 20

cycle of fever and chills known

Answer 20

paroxysms

Question 21

before donating blood people need to complete a

Answer 21

questionnaire

Question 22

deferral for returning from endemic place

Answer 22

12 month

Question 23

if you live more than 5 years in endemic area how long is referral

Answer 23

3 years

Question 24

most common plasmodium

Answer 24

vivax

Question 25

episodes of fever and chills every 48 hours

Answer 25

tertian life cycle

Question 26

what RBCs so vivax infect

Answer 26

only younger RBCs including retics

Question 27

what phase is most often seen for vivax in smear

Answer 27

trophozoite - only 1 troph

Question 28

seen in vivax cells

Answer 28

1 nuclei schaffner dots 12-24 merozoites

Question 29

unique characteristics for ovale

Answer 29

look more oval RBc appear frimbinated- fringes -less merozoites normally 6-12 also but similar to vivax -1 troph enlarge RBC's schuffner dots tertian cycle

Question 30

plasmodium malarie

Answer 30

infect older cells do not change shape quartan cycle NO schuffner dots may have low grade parasitemia for years before being diagnosed

Question 31

unique characteristics of malarie

Answer 31

quartan cycle No schuffner dots band formation usually 6-12 merozoites - pinwheel

Question 32

what is quarten cycle

Answer 32

72 hours

Question 33

most virulent form of plasmodium

Answer 33

falciparum

Question 34

what coinfects with vivax

Answer 34

falciparum

Question 35

how kind of RBCs does falciparum infect

Answer 35

all ages so highest parasitemia and severe anemia

Question 36

what disease does falciparum cause

Answer 36

blackwater fever -due to fact that urine of often black because of Hgb lysed from RBCs

Question 37

are schnuffer dots seen in falciiparum

Answer 37

no, mauer dots are -larger

Question 38

characteristics seen in falciparum RBCs

Answer 38

mauer dots double rings/ two trophs applique forms - laying along side gametocyte

Question 39

applique

Answer 39

open trophs laying along side of the RBC

Question 40

for falciparum infections what stages will be seen in smear

Answer 40

trophozoite and gametocyte -shouldn't see stages of schizogony, if you do BAD

Question 41

what plasmodium secretes sticky substance and blood can't flow and might need amputation

Answer 41

falciparum

Question 42

for falciparum what is in the immunoassay

Answer 42

monoclonal antibody directed against histidine-rick protein 2

Question 43

babesia microti

Answer 43

ticks co-infect borrelia seen in nantucket, etc similar life cycle to malaria

Question 44

how does babesia look in smear

Answer 44

tetrads formation because in pairs called maltese cross can be misidentified as falciparum DIAGNOSED serology

Question 45

hemoflagellates require a

Answer 45

arthropod -found in blood

Question 46

T.Rhodesinse and T. Gambiense

Answer 46

Both seen in Africa Transmitted through tsetse fly Form seen in the blood called the trypomastigote form - does not invade RBC!!!

Question 47

t.cruzi

Answer 47

chagas disease concern in blood supply

Question 48

how is t.cruzi transmitted

Answer 48

bite of reduviid bug -deposit feces in skin -itch and itches it into blood stream

Question 49

known as kissing bug

Answer 49

t.cruzi -bite around mouth at night

Question 50

acute stage form in the blood for cruzi

Answer 50

tryomastigote then invades tissues and found in amastigote form

Question 51

diagnose cruzi by

Answer 51

zenodiagnosis or blood smear can be sero negative in chronic stage undetectable

Question 52

transmitted through bite of female sandfly of phlebotomus

Answer 52

leishmania

Question 53

3 forms of leishmania

Answer 53

cutaneous micocutaneous visceral -found in warmer climate

Question 54

how to diganosis leishmania

Answer 54

buffy coat -may be trypomastigote in smear

Question 55

use what to reply flies in leishmania

Answer 55

DEET

Question 56

what form of leishmania is a concern in U.S

Answer 56

L.tropica