malaria Flashcards
(35 cards)
what percent of the world pop lives in an endemic area of maleria
41.00%
how many species of plasmodium cause malaria in humans
p. falciparum, p. vivax, p. malariae, p. ovale, p knowlesi malaysia
what species cause maleria most commonly
falciparum from africa 40% and vivax from asia 14.6%
what are the two stages of malaria
hepatic stage and then blood stage
what species can take on a hypnozoite form and can relapse
vivax and ovale can stay in a dormant form and relapse if not treated correctly.
what is malaria paroxysm
fever chills headache muscle ache accompanied by the lysis of RBC at the same time
what species give you a 2 day cycle a four day and a high for two days
vivax and ovale every 48 falciparum not as sequenced and malariae every 72.
what is the most severe form of malaria or malignant tertian
falciparum is the worst less time between the fever stages, progresses raplidy
what is the most severe complication of malaria
cerebral malaria coma and seizure follow 4-5 days with fever 15-20% mortality
what are some other complication
anemia hypoglycemia lactic acidosis renal failure
what are the benign tertain malarias
vivax and ovale incubation 2-3 weeks can be dormant for years but can cause splenic rupture hypnozoite 8-40 weeks,
what are the quartan malarias
Malariae 3-6 weeks of incubation recrudenscence occur due to persistent low level of parasitemia up to 52 years knowlesi1-2weeks of incubation more acutely than other malarias due to its 24 hour replication cyce daily fevers rapid parasitemia.
what species infect mature and young RBC
falciparum and knowlesi
what species intect only young RBC
vivax and ovale
what species infect only older erythrocytes
malariae only likes the older cells.
what are the three mechanisms involved in pathogenis of anemi
1 RBC lysis bu mature asexual parasites, 2 supression of erythropoeisis by cytokines TNF a and IL13. Destruction of RBC by the spleen
severe anemia is most likely seen in what species
falciparum can effect up to 20% of circulation RBC
what are so other sympotoms of malaria
splenomegoly, hypoglycemia lactic acidosis microvascular sequestration coma seizures
how do you diagnosis malaria
clinical syndrome travel history and blood smear positive for parasites thin and thick
what does falciparum look like in a smear
only rigns and gametocytes PURPLE BANANAS normal RBC shape.
what does vivax and ovale look like in a smear
large pale RBC schuffer dots and all stages present
what does malariae look like on a smear
BAND FORMS no dots or stippling all stages present.
what does the immonodiagnosis test tell us
falciparum or other
what are some genetic mutations that give some resistance
sickle cell thalassemia G6PD southeast asian ovalocytosis, absence of duffy blood group antigen
