Malaria Flashcards
(83 cards)
0
Q
Mortality and morbidity
30-35%
A
Plasmodium vivas
1
Q
Mortality
67-70%
A
Plasmodium falciparum
2
Q
Benign
0.01-1%
A
Plasmodium malariae
3
Q
Common in african countries
A
Plasmodium ovale
4
Q
Palawan and mindanao
A
Plasmodium knowlesi
5
Q
Population at risk for malaria
A
11,337,000
6
Q
Incidence per 1000
A
0.48
7
Q
Number of malaria deaths
A
536
8
Q
Number of patient tested for malaria
A
444,668
9
Q
Mother to fetus
A
Vertical transmission
10
Q
Sexual contact
A
Horizontal transmission
11
Q
Gold standard for diagnosis
A
Thick and thin smear
12
Q
Not to be used in light infection
A
Thin smear
13
Q
If degree of parasitemia is too low
A
Thick smear
14
Q
Red staining substance
A
Chromatin dots
15
Q
Bluish substance adjacent to red substance
A
Cytoplasm
16
Q
Brown substance
A
Hemozoin
17
Q
Stain used to identify malarian parasite.
Routine procedure
A
Wright and giemsa stain
18
Q
Stain used to identify malarian parasite.
Mass staining
A
Field’s stain
19
Q
Transfer stage
A
Infective stage
20
Q
Produce tissue alteration, signs and symptoms
A
Pathogenic stage
21
Q
Any stage seen by naked eye. Basis for diagnosis
A
Diagnostic stage
22
Q
All stages seen in peripheral smear
A
Plasmodium vivaxl
23
Q
Plasmodium vivax
Only strain that causes
A
Enlarged RBC
24
Plasmodium vivax
Ring form, no enlargement, 1chromatin dot
Young trophozoite
25
Plasmodium vivax
1/3 occupied by blue cytoplasm, irregular in shape
1 chromatin dot
There is RBC enlargement
Growing trophozoite
26
Plasmodium vivax
2/3 bluish cytoplasm occupied
1 chromatin dot
Mature trophozoite
27
Plasmodium vivax
2 chromatin dots
Young schizont
28
Plasmodium vivax
2-12 chromatin dots
Growing schizont
29
Plasmodium vivax
12-24 chromatin dots in cluster
Rupture in vivo
Release merozoites invading other RBC
Mature schizont
30
Plasmodium vivax
Being developed after several weeks
Infective stage
Gametocytes
31
Plasmodium vivax
In gametocytes, chromatin dots are now called
Chromatin granules
32
Female
Chromatin granules on periphery
Compacted edge
Macrogametocyte
33
Male
Chromatin granules at the center
Loose arrangement
Microgametocytes
34
Plasmodium vivax
The mosquito has to have both
Macro and micro gametocyte
35
All stages are also seen in peripheral smear
Plasmodium malariae
36
Plasmodium malariae
Size of RBC
Normal size
37
Plasmodium malariae
2-6 chromatin dots
Growing schizont
38
Plasmodium malariae
6-12 chromatin dots
Rosette arrangement/ daisy pattern
With brown substance
Mature schizont
39
Plasmodium malariae
Chromatin dots
Young schizont
40
Plasmodium malariae
Presence of band form
Growing trophozoite stage
| Seen in 15 percent of parasite in growing trophozoite
41
Only ring form and gametocyte seen in peripheral smear
Plasmodium palcifarum
42
Plasmodium palcifarum
| Size of RBC
Normal size
43
Plasmodium palcifarum
Ring form
How many parasite in a single indected RBC
More than 1 parasite
44
How many chromatin dots in ring form of Plasmodium palciparum
2 chromatin dots
45
Plasmodium palcifarum
Ring form
Asume any configuartion " exclamation point" " comma"
Pleomorphic
46
Plasmodium palcifarum
Mature schizont not usually seen in peripheral smear. If mature schizont seen leads to serious complication
Gametocyte
47
Plasmodium palcifarum
Presence of chromatin granules
Banana-shaped
| Crescent shaped
48
How many chromatin dots in gametocyte?
18-24
49
Plasmodium palcifarum
More than 1 strain of parasite
Mixed infection
50
Plasmodium palcifarum
Period of height from 1 fever to next height of fever
Period of schizogony
51
Plasmodium palcifarum
Pathogenic stage of all plasmodium
After height of fever
Merozoite
52
Cytoplasmic destruction in RBC
Stipplings
53
Stippling found in P. Ovale
James Dot
54
Has a macerated area, "fimbriated" RBC
P. Ovale
55
Caused by p. Falciparum but also with mixed infection
Irregular paroxysm
56
Cold stage
Intense cold
Vigorous shivering
15-60 minutes
57
Hot stage
```
Intense heat
Dry burning skin
Throbbing headache
Mid day
2-6 hours
```
58
Infective stage to man
| Intermediate host
Sporozoite
59
Indective stage to mosquito
| Definitive host
Gametocyte
60
Mosquito
Sexual
Sporogony
Sporozoite
Definitive host
61
Man
Asexual
Schizogony
Schixont
Intermediate host
62
Recrudiscence
Falciparum
Malariae
Ni hypnozoite
All schizonts rupture
63
Relapse
Ovale
| Vivax
64
In relapse, sone of the sporozoites do not immediately undergo asexual reproduction but enter a dormant phase known as
Hypnozoite
65
Definitive diagnosis
| Use of acridine orange
Quantitative buffy coat
66
More sensitive
Fluorescent Ab technique
67
Malarial strips
Rapid test but not reliable
Sensitivity only 30-65%
Immunochromatography
68
Used to those who already exposed
| For centralized screening and antibody screening
ELISA
69
Best screening for volunteer donor
Serlogic: antigen and antibody screening
70
Best time to collect blood
Before height of temperature
71
If blood collected after height of fever
Ring forms only
72
If blood is collected at the height of fever
Rupture of schizont-> merozoites-> mistaken as platelets
73
Persons travelling to an endemic area
Non immune
74
Those who came in an endemic area but have been away for more than 5 years
Semi immune
75
Living in an endemic area for malaria
| 1st time pregnancy
Primigravid
76
Patients who should be hospitalized
```
Asexual stage of falciparum
Life threatening malaria
Children in the PBS
Immunocompromised
Pregnant women ( hypoglycemia )
```
77
Complicated malaria
Falciparum + drug resistance (R2 orR3)
78
Significant for Diagnosis of G6PD
Peripheral blood smear -> 20% heinz bodies
79
Destroys parasites in the liver, however it also triggers hemolysis in G6PD
Primaquine
80
Parasitemia documented within 7 days of life
| Manifested observed several weeks after pre patent period
Congenital malaria
81
During active labor only
| Parasitemia documented after 7 days but not more than 28 days of life
Conatal or Neonatal Malaria
82
Malaria in pregnancy
```
Avoid primaquine
Palpate liver and spleen
Paper white conjunctiva
Yellow sclera
Black urine
```
