Male Flashcards
(25 cards)
(): sperm-producing gonads within scrotum
Sperm is delivered to penis through system of ducts:
()
Ductus(Vas) Deferens
() duct
Urethra
Accessory sex glands:
() glands
() gland
()-urethral glands
Testes
Epididymis
Ejaculatory
Seminal
Prostate
Bulbo
() Sac of skin surrounding testes
Contains paired testes
3 degrees lower than core body temperature
Necessary for sperm production
Scrotum
When cold, testes are pulled closer to warm body wall
() muscle – layer of () muscle in superficial fascia
() muscles – bands of skeletal muscle elevate testes
Dartos, smooth
Cremaster
() cord
Encloses () deferens, nervefibers,blood vessels, and lymphatics thatsupply testes
Spermatic
vas
Testis divided into ~250 lobules, each containing ()tubules
Site of () production
Sperm is conveyed from seminiferous tubules to the()
Sperm are stored in the tail until ejaculation
seminiferous
sperm
epididymis
() cancer
Rare, but most common cancer in men age 15–35
Having mumps that lead to () (inflammation of testis) could be a risk factor
() is most common risk factor
-Undescended testes
Testicular
orchitis
Cryptorchidism
Sperm mature in ()
During ejaculation, epididymis contracts, expelling sperm into (/)
epididymis
ductus deferens
Vas Deferens: ~ 17.7 in. long
Passes through () canal to () cavity
Joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct in () gland
Smooth muscle in walls propels sperm from () to urethra
(): cutting and ligating ductus deferens
Nearly 100% effective form of birth control
inguinal
pelvic
prostate
epididymis
Vasectomy
() glands
On posterior bladder surface
Contains () muscle that contracts during ejaculation
Produces viscous () fluid
(), citric acid, prostaglandins
Comprises ()% volume of semen
Duct of seminal gland joins ductus deferensto form () duct
Seminal
smooth
seminal
Fructose
60
ejaculatory
()
Encircles urethra inferior to bladder
Size of peach pit
Consists of () muscle that contracts during ejaculation
Secretes (), slightly acid fluid
Contains citrate, (), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Sperm () & nutrition
PSA makes semen thinner and more fluid
Makes up one-third of semen volume
Prostate
smooth
milky
enzymes
activation
(/) hyperplasia
Benign growth of prostate constricts urethra making urination difficult leading to incomplete emptying
Can lead to urinary tract infections or kidney damage
Urinary “retention”
Affects ~50% of menage50, 80% of menage70
Treatment includes drugs to relax smooth muscle and inhibit growth; surgical transurethral resection widens prostatic urethra
Benign prostatic
() cancer
Third most common cause of cancer death in males that affects 1 in 6 men in U.S.
Digital exam screening, PSA levels can be checked
Usually begins at 40 yrs old unless family history
Treated with radiation and sometimes surgery
Prostate
() glands
Pea-sized glands inferior to prostate
Produce thick, clear () during sexual arousal
Lubricate () penis (pre-ejaculate)
Neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra
Bulbourethral
mucus
glans
Urethra:
Conveys both () and ()
Has three regions
() urethra: surrounded by prostate
() urethra: in urogenital diaphragm
() urethra: runs through penis
Opens at external urethral orifice
urine,semen
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
Male copulatory organ:
consists of:
Root and shaft that ends in (/)
() (foreskin): loose skin covering glans
(): surgical removal of foreskin
60% of males in U.S. circumcised, but only 15% in other parts of world
Studies show 60% reduction in HIV risk and reduced risk for other reproductive infections
Penis
glans penis
Prepuce
Circumcision
Erectile tissue
Corpus (): surrounds urethra (inferior)
Corpora (): paired dorsal erectile bodies
(): erectile tissue fills with blood, causing penisto enlarge and become rigid
spongiosum
cavernosa
Erection
The Male ()
Diamond-shaped region between pubic (), (), and () tuberosities
Suspends scrotum
Contains root of penis and anus
Perineum
symphysis,coccyx
ischial
Milky-white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
2–5 ml semen are ejaculated containing 20–150 million sperm/ml
() Vesicle secretion: ~60% of semen
(), Citrate, Prostaglandins
() secretion: ~ 30% of semen
Zinc, Citric acid, Prostate Specific () (PSA)
() glands: 10% or less
Pre-ejaculate, alkaline mucus
Semen
Seminal,Fructose
Prostate
Antigen
Bulbourethral
() Enlargement and stiffening of penis
Arterioles are normally constricted
Sexual excitement causes CNS activation of () neurons, causing local release of (/) (NO)
NO release relaxes local vascular smooth muscle
Leads to ()
Initiated by sexual stimuli such as…
-Mechanical stimulation (touch)
-Erotic sights, sounds, and smells
Can be induced or inhibited by emotions or higher mental activity
Erection
parasympathetic
nitric oxide
vasodilation
Ejaculation
() of semen from male duct system
Sympathetic nerves serving genital organs
Latent () period – time during which man is unable to achieve another orgasm
Can last minutes to hours
Latent period lengthens with age
\
Propulsion
refractory
Erectile ()
Parasympathetic nerves of penis release too little NO leading to inability to attain erection
Affects ~50% of American men over 40
Temporary ED caused by…
() factors (Stress/Anxiety)
() or drugs (antihypertensives, antidepressants, etc.)
Chronic ED caused by
(), (/), Stroke
New drugs, sildenafil (Viagra) and others enhance effect of existing NO
dysfunction
Psychological
Alcohol
Atherosclerosis
Diabetes Mellitus
()
Process of forming male gametes (sperm cells)
Occurs in () tubules
Begins at puberty, around () years of age
Spermatogenesis
seminiferous
14
Major regions of sperm:
Head: genetic region
() and helmet-like acrosome containing() enzymes that enable sperm topenetrate egg
Midpiece: metabolic region
() that produce ATP to move tail
Tail: locomotor region
Flagellum
Nucleus
Acrosome
hydrolytic
Mitochondria
() affects roughly 1 in 7 couples in America
Often caused by problems with sperm() or ()
Gradual decline in male fertility has beenoccurring in past 50 years
Environmental toxins, phthalates (oily solvents from plastics), pesticides, herbicides, marijuana use, hot tub use,antibiotics
Infertility
quality
quantity
