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Repro Block > Male and female repro histo > Flashcards

Male and female repro histo Flashcards

1
Q

ovarian epithelium? What is underneath?

A

simple (squamous or cubdoidal) 70% of ovarian tumours come from here. underneath is tunica albuginea (dense connective tissue).

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2
Q

how many oocytes in embryo and at birth?

A

5 mil.

0.5 mil

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3
Q

what is a PRIMORDIAL oocyte?

A

oocyte arrested in meoisis 1

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4
Q

what stage of meiosis are primordial oocytes arrested?

A

prophase

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5
Q

describe the cell progression as a primary oocyte mature

A

PO - the follicle cells become granulosa cells and form the stratum granulosum. The stromal cells becomes theca.
SF - as the stratum granulosum thickens, a fluid filled cavity (antrum) appears. Oocyte suspended on stalk of granulosa cells (cumulus oophorus).
SO - once follicle is mature LH surges causes completion of 1st meiotic division and follicle ruptures - releasing oocyte.

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6
Q

what is a graafian follicle?

A

mature follicle

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7
Q

how is the corpus luteum formed/

A

Once follicle loses oocyte, Stromal, granulosa and thecal cells invade cavity, differentiate into luteal cells.

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8
Q

what makes the corpus luteum yellow

A

lipid

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9
Q

what does corpus luteum do?

A

produce progesterone and estrogen to prepare endometrium

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10
Q

how does the oocyte move through the fallopian tube (2)?

A

epithelium is ciliated. peristalsis form smooth muscle

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11
Q

where does the oocyte get its nutrients whilst in fallopian tube?

A

fluid secreted by epithelium

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12
Q

what part of fallopian tube does fertilization usually occur?

A

ampulla

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13
Q

how is the uterine wall divided?

A

endometrium and myometrium

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14
Q

describe the myometrium of the uterus

A

3 layers of smooth muscle. inner and outer longitudinal and middle is circular.

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15
Q

how does the myometrium accommodate pregnancy at a cellular level.

A

enlarging individual smooth muscle cells, generating more smooth muscle cells and increasing connective tissue.

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16
Q

true or false, thickened uterine wall is retained after first pregnancy?

A

true

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17
Q

epithelium of endometrium

A

mix of ciliated and secretory simple columnar

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18
Q

describe the epithelium of cervix.

A

endocervix is simple columnar and glandular (secretes the vaginal discharge).
Ectocervix is stratified squamous (non glandular) to be a protective barrier.

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19
Q

describe the junction of the endo and ecto cervix

A

abrupt junction. Border changes depending on when in menstrual cycle and b/w reproductive and non-repro females. The stratified sheds cells

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20
Q

epithelium of vagina?

A

stratified squamous

21
Q

breast milk is high in which antibody?

A

IgA

22
Q

what is a mammary gland?

A

modified sweat gland that produces milk in postnatal mother.

23
Q

when do the mammary glands enlarge in the menstrual cycle? how?

A

during luteal phase. epithelial cells more columnar, some secretions (lumens appear), fluid accumulates in stroma connective tissue.

24
Q

what happens to mammary glands in pregnancy

A

Epithelial and myopeithelial cells proliferate from progenitor cells.
By term, have large cuboidal epithelial cells containing lipid and secretory product in lumen.

25
Q

describe the structure of the testes from outside to in

A

tunica vaginalis > tunica albuginea > seminiferous tubules > rete testes > efferent ductules > head of epididymis > body > tail > vas deferens

26
Q

epithelium of Seminiferous?

A

stratified squamous

27
Q

what 2 cells of significance in tunica (lamina) propria of Seminiferous?

A

myoid (smooth muscle contractile) and Leydig (

28
Q

support cells for spermatogenisis

A

Sertoli

29
Q

how does sprem move down Seminiferous?

A

Tunica propria can contract to provide peristaltic movement

30
Q

what do leydig cells do?

A

produce testosterone

31
Q

Describe The final part of the seminiferous tubule (histologically). what are they called?

A

the Tubuli Recti is straight and lined with Sertoli cells only and finally simple cuboidal epithelium. connect to the rete testis

32
Q

describe rete testis

A

an interconnected set of channels at the end of the seminiferous tubules. lined with ciliated cuboidal cells

33
Q

from where is the epididymus derived?

A

mesonephric duct

34
Q

what are the efferent ductules? where do they come from

A

connect rete testis to head of epididymus. they are Around 20 surviving mesonephric tubules

35
Q

epithelium of efferent ductules?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

36
Q

function of epididymus? give an example

A

sperm mature as they move along. decapacitation, the inhibition of the ability of the sperm to fertilise an egg (reversed in vagina).

37
Q

epi of vas deferens?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

38
Q

other name for vas deferns

A

ductus deferens

39
Q

role of seminal vesicle

A

secrete fructose for energy. make sperm alkaline

40
Q

where is prostate anatomically?

A

anterior rectum wall, inferior to bladder.

41
Q

describe openings of prostate

A

central urethra, inferior paired ejaculatory duct, prostate sinuses

42
Q

4 zones of prostate?

A

central, peripheral, transitional and periurethral

43
Q

epithelium of prostate?

A

heterogenous (columnar or cuboidal, pseudostratified)

44
Q

what is a prostatic concretion?

A

accumulation of protein, calcium-phosphate, cholesterol and cellular debris within lu2men. more common with age

45
Q

secretion of prostate? give one example

A

complex. Initially causes the ejaculate to clot (immobilising it) but then fibrolysin dissolves clot and frees sperm to move

46
Q

3 masses of erectile tissue in penis. where is urethra

A

2 x corpus cavanosa and 1 x corpus spongiosum. urethra in c. spongiosum

47
Q

where does Crus of clitoris extends?

A

inferiorly along pelvis

48
Q

Role of the bulbs of clitoris?

A

unknown - no male homologue

Repro Block (11 decks)

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