Male & Female Reproductive Strategies Flashcards
(20 cards)
Male & Female Reproductive Strategies (2)
1.Females Allocate more Energy per gamete than males
2.Parental Investment—very substantial for the females, while male sometimes leave the female.
Attributes that females use in selecting males (2)
1.Indicators of high genetic quality
2.Indicators of high capacity to provide useful resources
- High Genetic Quality (A. B.)
A. Genetic Complementarity
B. Capacity to dominate rivals
A. Genetic complementarity (2) HIGH GENETIC QUALITY
- male signals that he is non-relative
- Ability to provide large sample of gametes
B. Capacity to dominate rivals (2) HIGH GENETIC QUALITY
- evidence of high social ranking
- female’s incitation of male-maleaggression
- High Capacity to provide resources (A. B. C.)
A. Material benefits offered by potential mate
B. Paternal services offered by the male
C. The capacity for prolonged survival
A. Material benefits offered by potential mate (2) HIGH CAPACITY TO PROVIDE RESOURCES
- nutritional nuptial gifts provided to or during copulation
- access to valuable resources controlled by male
B. Paternal services offered by the male (2) HIGH CAPACITY TO PROVIDE RESOURCES
- indicators of foraging skill
- readiness to defend mate & offspring
C. The capacity for prolonged survival (2) HIGH CAPACITY TO PROVIDE RESOURCES
- Behavioral or morphological cues
associated with old age. - Male’s sound physiological condition
How to pick up a dominant male (3)
1.High male status, large body size,good foraging ability, superiorsurvival skills & good physical condition.
2. Sexual advertisement (readiness to mate)
3. Aggressive competition
Testing Male Dominance (3)
- Only a truly dominant male can subdue and mate with noisy female without sexual interference from his rivals
- Lengthy interaction with the partner
- Territorial capacities thru scent
Mating Systems (2)
Monogamy
Polygamy (Polygyny one male, Polyandry one female)
Polygyny defense types (2)
- Female defense polygyny
–live in permanent groups which male defend directly (lions, gorillas) - Resource defense polygyny
–not living in permanent groups, but are specially concentrated at food, nesting sites or other sources which some males control (Impala controlling a rich grazing pasture, streamer-tail controlling the whole tree for the flowers)
Resource defense Polygyny (a. b.)
- a. sometimes males wait for females
—for water holes or rich sources of food (topi, Grevy’s Zebra)
b. sometimes males to follow females (mountain sheep, african elephants)
Types of Polygyny Harems (2)
Seasonal Harems
Permanent Harems
Polygyny where males cannot economically monopolize females (2)
Lek Polygyny - males compete for high dominance ranking within a group
Scramble competition polygyny - females may be clustered spatially or temporally but can not be defended because of high male density
- males race to contact as many receptive females as
possible without engaging in territorial defense
Polyandry without Sex Reversal (2)
- Sperm replenishment polyandry –females may mate more than once to secure an additional sperm with which to fertilize a new
clutch of eggs - Prostitution polyandry –females may mate with more than one male in order to
gain access to the male’s resources
Polyandry with sex role reversal (2)
- Resource Defense Polyandry
–females control resources attractive to more than one male, males may provide even greater parental care per offspring than females - Lek Polyandry
–females provide neither resources nor parental care but males compete for dominance positions in
female aggregations because paternal males select high ranking females as their mates
Imprinting
George Archibald
Dr. Archibald founded the ___ in Baraboo, Wisconsin
he heads a ___ commission on crane survival. Forty years later, the world’s cranes are still in a perilous situation.
International Crane
Foundation
World Conservation Union
