Male & Female Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Which sex hormones are produced by the ovaries?

Answer 1

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 2

From which vessel do the ovarian arteries receive blood?

Answer 2

The aorta

Question 3

Into which vessel does the right ovarian vein drain?

Answer 3

The IVC

Question 4

In which section of the Uterine tubes does fertilization usually occur?

Answer 4

the Ampulla

Question 5

Which arteries feed into the Uterine arteries?

Answer 5

the Internal Iliac arteries

Question 6

The Uterus receives blood from a branch of which arteries in addition to the uterine arteries?

Answer 6

The Ovarian arteries

Question 7

Does the ureter course under or over the uterine artery?

Answer 7

Under (water under the bridge)

Question 8

Which part of the broad ligament can only be seen from a sagittal section?

Answer 8

The mesovarium

Question 9

What are the four fornices of the vagina, located near the cervix?

Answer 9

Anterior, two Lateral, and a Posterior fornix

Question 10

What are the boundaries of the perineum?

Answer 10

pubic symphysis, both ischial tuberosities, and the coccyx

Question 11

What are the two triangles of the perineum in female anatomy?

Answer 11

urogenital (UG) and ischioanal triangles

Question 12

What is the mons pubis?

Answer 12

A rounded area of adipose tissue overlying the symphysis pubis

Question 13

What is the homologue of the labia majora?

Answer 13

the scrotal sac

Question 14

What anatomical features are contained within the vestibule?

Answer 14

the urethral orifice, vagina, and openings of the vestibular glands

Question 15

What provides innervation of the clitoris?

Answer 15

perineal branches of the pudendal nerve

Question 16

What are the 3 parts of the clitoris?

Answer 16

the glans, corpora cavernosa, and crus

Question 17

What is the bulb of the vestibule?

Answer 17

Erectile tissue that flanks the vestibule

Question 18

What muscle covers the bulb of the vestibule?

Answer 18

the bulbospongiosus muscle

Question 19

What provides parasympathetic innervation of erectile tissue?

Answer 19

the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

Question 20

What is the function of the Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)?

Answer 20

To secrete mucus into the vestibule to lubricate the vagina during sexual arousal

Question 21

What innervates the female perineal muscles?

Answer 21

perineal nerve branches of the pudendal nerve

Question 22

What does the ischiocavernosus muscle surround in female anatomy?

Answer 22

the crus and corpus cavernosum of the clitoris

Question 23

What is the primary function of the Superficial transverse perineal muscle?

Answer 23

to support the perineal body

Question 24

What is the perineal body?

Answer 24

A fibromuscular mass located in the center of the perineum between the anus and vagina

Question 25

What is the attachment site for the superficial and deep perineal muscles, the levator ani muscle as well as the external anal sphincter?

Answer 25

the perineal body

Question 26

What is the origin of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 26

S2-S4 ventral rami

Question 27

The perineal and pelvic muscles receive voluntary motor innervation from which nerve?

Answer 27

the Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Question 28

Which artery supplies the perineum?

Answer 28

the Internal pudendal artery

Question 29

From which artery does the Internal pudendal artery branch?

Answer 29

the anterior division of the Internal iliac artery

Question 30

During the female sexual response, which nerve dilates blood vessels in erectile tissue and stimulates vestibular gland secretions?

Answer 30

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (parasympathetic)

Question 31

Which plexus of nerves does the pelvic splanchnic nerve transmit signals through?

Answer 31

the inferior hypogastric plexus of nerves

Question 32

During male and female sexual responses, which nerve causes rythmic contraction of the pelvic and perineal muscles?

Answer 32

the Pudendal nerve

Question 33

In the female sexual response, what role does sympathetic tone play?

Answer 33

rhythmic contraction of the pelvic organs and dilation of the cervical canal

Question 34

Which spinal cord levels are responsible for sympathetic tone during sexual arousal?

Answer 34

T10-L2

Question 35

Without FSH, how far can a ovarian follicle develop?

Answer 35

primary follicle

Question 36

Which hormone is responsible for an increase in body temperature during the ovarian cycle?

Answer 36

progesterone

Question 37

What is Priapism?

Answer 37

a prolonged, often painful erection that lasts longer than 4 hours without sexual stimulation

Question 38

What are 3 potential causes of priapism?

Answer 38

Sickle-cell disease, venemous insect bites, certain medications

Question 39

In treatment of priapism, what type of adrenergic receptor will phenylephrine bind? What is the intended effect?

Answer 39

alpha-2 adrenergic receptor; vasoconstriction, and decreased blood flow

Question 40

What is the spermatic cord?

Answer 40

A cord-like structure that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the ductus deferens

Question 41

the frenulum of the penis receives innervation from both the dorsal penile nerves as well as what other nerve?

Answer 41

the perineal nerve