male repro system

Question 1

what are the functions of the male repro system?

Answer 1

produce sex hormones
develops spermatozoa
delivers spermatozoa to the female repro sys.

Question 2

what are the main parts of the male repro system?

Answer 2

scrotum
testes
prostate
prepuce
penis
urethra
vas deferens

Question 3

what separates the testes into 2 halves?

Answer 3

septum

Question 4

why are the testicles outside of the body?

Answer 4

thermoregulation - to promote/facilitate spermatogenesis

Question 5

what is the function of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 5

the contract and extend pulling the testicles closer to the body for warmth or further away during warmer climates

Question 6

what do the testicles descend through?

Answer 6

inguinal ring

Question 7

what does crytorchid mean?

Answer 7

one or both testicles are retained

Question 8

what is the term for only one testicle developing

Answer 8

monorchid

Question 9

what are the functions of the testicles?

Answer 9

produce sperm
secretes testosterone

Question 10

is the tail or head of the epididymis closer to the vas deferens?

Answer 10

tail

Question 11

what are the cells of the testicles?

Answer 11

sertoli cells
leydig cells
spermatogonia cells
spermatids
primary spermatocytes

Question 12

what do sertoli cells do?

Answer 12

• secrete nutrients essential for sperm survival
• creates oestrogen
• creates inhibin

Question 13

where in the testicle are sertoli cells found?

Answer 13

near the basement membrane - swirly curvy looking

Question 14

what do leydig cells do?

Answer 14

testosterone production

Question 15

what are leydig cells also known as?

Answer 15

interstitial cells

Question 16

where are leydig cells found?

Answer 16

in the interstitial space between itself and other seminiferous tubules

Question 17

what is step 1 of spermatogenesis called and what happens?

Answer 17

step 1. SPERMATOCYTOGENESIS
- primary spermatogonium type A cells divide via mitosis into 1 x type B cell & 1 x primary spermatocyte
- Primary spermatocyte creates via meiosis 2 x secondary spermatocytes
- via meiosis, the secondary spermatocytes create 4 spermatids (2 each)

Question 18

what is step 2 of spermatogenesis and what happens?

Answer 18

Step 2. PHASES:
1. Golgi - golgi bodies of spermatids form the acrosome of the mature sperm head
2. Acrosomal - the acrosome condenses around the nucleus
3. Tail - Centrioles elongate to form the tail
4. Maturation - Excess cytoplasm is lost

Question 19

What happens after step 2 of spermatogenesis?

Answer 19

The mature sperm cells undergo SPERMIATION

Question 20

what is spermiation?

Answer 20

the mature sperm cells are released into the lumen from the seminiferous tubule wall to gain motility and fertilisation capability

Question 21

where are mature sperm cells stored after spermiation?

Answer 21

in the epididymis

Question 22

what needs to occur for spermatogenesis to happen successfully?

Answer 22

thermoregulation

Question 23

how does thermoregulation work in the testicle?

Answer 23

the pampiniform plexus and cremaster muscle:

• the testicular vein carries cooled down blood back to the body which is heated again by the testicular artery

likewise, the test. artery carries heated blood to the testicle which is cooled down via the test. vein

Question 24

where is the pampiniform plexus found?

Answer 24

in the spermatic cord

Question 25

what is the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 25

a network of veins that surround the test. artery in the testes

Question 26

what layers of the testicle is the cremaster muscle found?

Answer 26

between the internal and external spermatic fascia

Question 27

what happens during ejaculation?

Answer 27

- sperm travels from the epididymis where it is stored through the DEFERENT DUCT and SEMINAL VESICLES - it mixes with SEMINAL FLUID in the EJACULATORY DUCTS within the PROSTATE - they exit through the URETHRA

Question 28

what are the 8 layers of the testicle (superficial to deep)?

Answer 28

1. skin (scrotum) 2. tunica dartos 3. external spermatic fascia 4. cremaster muscle 5. internal spermatic fascia 6. Parietal vaginal tunic (vaginal cavity) 7. Visceral vaginal tunic 8. Tunic abuginea (Testis)

Question 29

what do spermatids look like under microscope when in the acrosomal phase?

Answer 29

teardrops

Question 30

why is urine flow temporarily blocked when ejaculation occurs?

Answer 30

urine's pH neutralises spermatozoa making them infertile and useless for reproduction

Question 31

what is the entry point of the urethra in the pelvic portion?

Answer 31

deferent duct

Question 32

what does the prostate produce and what does it do?

Answer 32

alkaline fluid - counteracts acidity of the female repro tract - gives energy to sperm

Question 33

what are the 3 segments of the penis?

Answer 33

root body glans (tip)

Question 34

what are the 2 erectile tissues called that make the penis?

Answer 34

corpus cavernosum corpus spongiosum

Question 35

what are the functions of the penis' erectile tissues?

Answer 35

- expands proximally when engorged with blood (erection) ~ known as the bulb of the penis - protects the urethra - extends towards the tip ~ known as glans penis

Question 36

what are the functions of a penis?

Answer 36

- transport sperm to the female repro system - transport urine from the bladder to outside of body

Question 37

what is the role of the prepuce?

Answer 37

to protect the penis