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Repro. Med 1 > Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Male Puberty begins at __-__ y/o and is Caused by ↑___ production

A

9-14 testosterone

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2
Q

hat changes occur in men during puberty?

A

Enlargement of external & internal genitalia Voice changes Androgenic hair growth Mental changes Changes in body conformation and skin Sebaceous gland secretions thicken ↑acne is more common

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3
Q

What hormones are involved in the male reproductive system

A

FSH LH Testosterone

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4
Q

____ Stimulates development of male 2° sex characteristics & spermatogenesis.

A

Testosterone

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5
Q

___ stimulates spermatogenesis

A

FSH

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6
Q

__stimulates production of testosterone

A

LH (aka ICSH)

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7
Q

testosterone spikes at __-__ y.o. And slowly decreases over time

A

20-30

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8
Q

testosterone is produced by ___ of the testes

A

Leydig cells

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9
Q

In testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, and skin, testosterone acts only when converted to ___ by____

A

5α-DHT by 5α-reductase

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10
Q

____ steroids (androgenic but not testosterone) are resistant to this conversion

A

Anabolic

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11
Q

Who may be candidates for Testosterone Replacement:

A

Men w/ primary hypogonadism or hormonal decline

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12
Q

____ are Synthetic testosterone derivatives & Mimic the effect of testosterone in muscle, bone, liver, other peripheral tissues (stimulates growth of muscle tissue and bones; speeds muscle recovery following exercise or injury)

A

Anabolic Steroids

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13
Q

Effect of ↑ peripheral androgens (5)

A
  • ↑ muscle mass/bone growth - ↑ liver toxicity/cholesterol - ↑ risk of CV dz - ↑ mood effects (‘roid rage) - Paranoia and delusions
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14
Q

Effect of ↓ 5α-DHT

A
  • ↓ sperm counts - ↓ size of reproductive organs - ↓ libido - Infertility - Depression
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15
Q

Effect of ↓ 5α-DHT

A
  • ↓ sperm counts - ↓ size of reproductive organs - ↓ libido - Infertility - Depression
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16
Q

What makes up external male genitalia?

A

Testes Scrotum Penis

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17
Q

Each testis is an oval structure ~___ cm long and __ cm in diameter

A

5 3

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18
Q

the testis is covered by a cortex structure called the ____ ______ located in the scrotum

A

tunica albuginea

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19
Q

There are ~__ lobules in each testis, each contains __-___ seminiferous tubules that converge to form single straight tubule, which leads into the ___

A

250 1-4 rete testis

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20
Q

____ produce male sex hormones, located b/w the seminiferous tubules w/in a lobule

A

Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig)

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21
Q

Each human male has >__ meters of seminiferous tubules in his testes (length is best measurement for SA)

A

600

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22
Q

____ is an undescended by birth

A

Cryptorchidism

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23
Q

the Scrotum Consists of ___ and ___

A

skin subcutaneous tissue

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24
Q

the ___ is made of smooth muscle fibers in subcutaneous tissue, which contract to give scrotum its wrinkled appearance→ when relaxed, scrotum is smooth

A

dartos muscle

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25
\_\_\_\_, controls position of scrotum and testes→ when cold or sexually aroused, it contracts to pull testes closer to body for warmth
Cremaster muscle
26
the ____ is a Cylindrical organ located anterior to scrotum, functions to transfer sperm to vagina.
Penis→
27
Consists of ___ columns of erectile tissue wrapped in connective tissue and covered with skin. There are 2 ___ columns called the ____ And a single, ___ column surrounding the urethra called the \_\_\_\_
3 dorsal, corpora cavernosa. ventral, corpus spongiosum.
28
what are the 3 parts fo the penis?
Root Body (shaft) Glans penis The root of penis attaches it to the pubic arch the body is the visible, pendant portion. The corpus spongiosum expands at the distal end to form the glans penis.
29
The urethra, which extends throughout the length of the \_\_\_, opens through the external urethral orifice at the tip of the glans penis.
corpus spongiosum
30
A loose fold of skin, called the \_\_\_\_\_, covers the glans penis.
prepuce, or foreskin
31
What makes up the internal male genitalia
Epididymitis Spermatic cord Ductus Deferens (vastus deferens) Ejaculatory duct Seminal vesicles Urethra Accessory glands Prostate Bulbourethral glands Seminal fluid/semen
32
The ___ is a comma shaped organ that is a long tube (~6 meters) located along the superior and posterior margins of the testes
Epididymitis
33
what is the function of the epididymitis?
Aid in the Complete maturation of sperm Mature sperm are stored in the lower portion/tail of the epididymis
34
The Spermatic Cord contains:
Proximal ductus deferens Testicular A&V Lymph vessels Testicular nerve Cremaster muscle Connective tissue covering
35
\_\_\_\_\_ is a Fibromuscular tube continuous w/ the epididymis that enters the abdominopelvic cavity through the inguinal canal and passes along the lateral pelvic wall, behind bladder, toward the prostate gland
Ductus Deferens [Vas Deferens]
36
Just before it reaches the prostate gland, each ductus deferens enlarges to form an ___ Sperm are stored in the (proximal/distal) portion of the ductus deferens, near the epididymis
ampulla PROXIMAL
37
Each ductus deferens, at the ampulla, joins the duct from its corresponding seminal vesicle (one of the accessory glands) to form a \_\_\_\_
Ejaculatory Duct
38
Each ejaculatory duct passes through the ___ and empties into the\_\_\_\_
prostate gland urethra
39
what would happen is the ejactulatory duct were obstructed
Won’t be able to ejaculate
40
\_\_\_\_\_ are Glands posterior to the urinary bladder Each have a short duct that joins w/ the ductus deferens at the ampulla to form an ejaculatory duct, which empties into the urethra
Seminal Vesicles
41
Describe the fluids in the seminal vesicles and what it contains
Fluid is viscous, contains fructose, prostaglandins, and proteins
42
The ___ Extends from the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice at the tip of the penis. It is a passageway for sperm and fluids from the reproductive system and urine from the urinary system.
Urethra
43
what are the 3 regions the urethra is divided into
The prostatic urethra membranous urethra penile urethra (also called spongy urethra or cavernous urethra)
44
What are the Accessory Glands and what do they do?
Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands They secrete fluids that enter the urethra.
45
The __ is a Firm, dense structure ~size of a walnut located just inferior to the urinary bladder. Encircles the urethra as it leaves the urinary bladder
prostate
46
Numerous short ducts from the prostate gland empty into the \_\_\_\_.
prostatic urethra
47
Waht are the secretions of the prostate like? what is the function of this fluid?
Thin, milky colored, and alkaline. function to enhance sperm motility
48
What is the consequence of an Enlarged Prostate
Inhibited Urination
49
\_\_\_\_ small (about the size of a pea) and located near the base of the penis. A short duct from each enters the proximal end of the penile urethra.
Bulbourethral Glands
50
In response to sexual stimulation, the bulbourethral glands secrete an ____ fluid
alkaline mucus-like
51
\_\_\_\_\_ is a slightly alkaline mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the accessory glands.
Seminal Fluid/semen→
52
Semem is made up of \_\_% from seminal vesicles, almost \_\_% from prostate, tiny amount bulbourethral glands
60% 40
53
Volume in a single ejaculation varies from \_\_\_-\_\_\_\_ ml. There are between \_\_\_-\_\_\_ million sperm per milliliter of semen.
1.5 to 6.0 50 to 150
54
Sperm counts \< 10 to 20 million/ml can present ____ problems
fertility problems.
55
What does an Erection involve?
↑ in length, width & firmness Changes in blood supply: arterioles dilate, veins constrict/ are compressed→ The spongy erectile tissue fills w/ blood
56
\_\_\_\_ is the uncoordination or inability of erection
Erectile Dysfunction
57
What are the steps of spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonium --\> Primary spermatocyte --\> secondary spermatocyte --\> spermatid --\> sperm --\> into the seminiferous tubule
58
where are sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules.
59
W/in the seminiferous tubules are large cells called \_\_\_\_, that support/nourish other cells.
sustentacular cells (Sertoli's cells)
60
In early puberty, PGCs locate themselves around the periphery of the seminiferous tubules in the testes At puberty, hormones stimulate these cells to begin dividing by mitosis. Some remain at the periphery as \_\_\_\_. Others become \_\_\_\_. Because they are produced by mitosis, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes have the same chromosomal composition as the individual’s somatic cells– \_\_\_
spermatogonia primary spermatocytes 46, XY
61
Genetic material is replicated , then each primary spermatocyte goes through ___ to produce , each w/ ___ chromosomes (haploid). Just prior to this division, the genetic material is replicated
meiosis 2 secondary spermatocytes 23
62
During \_\_\_, each secondary spermatocyte divides to produce \_\_\_\_\_, no replication of genetic material in this division, but a single-stranded sister chromatid goes to each daughter cell.
meiosis II two spermatids
63
As a result of the two meiotic divisions, each primary spermatocyte produces\_\_\_\_, each with ___ chromosomes (haploid)-- one from each pair in the original primary spermatocyte.
four spermatids 23
64
mature sperm cell has a \_\_\_, __ and \_\_\_\_
head midpiece tail
65
What does the head contain?
the 23 chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
66
The tip of the head is covered by an \_\_\_, which contains enzymes that help sperm penetrate the female gamete
acrosome
67
The midpiece os sperm (metabolic region) contains ____ that provide \_\_\_.
mitochondria ATP
68
The tail, locomotor region, uses a ____ for locomotion.
flagellum
69
What is the path of a sperm cell?
testes (seminiferous tubules--\> epididymis --\> vas deferens --\> ejaculatory duct --\> urethra
70
How long does spermatogeneis take?
beginning with a primary spermatocyte, takes about 74 days
71
After ejaculation, the sperm can live for about\_\_ hours in the female reproductive tract.
48+
72
How long after the time of a vasectomy does a man become officially “infertile”?
~ 3 months
73
What organs does Testosterone affect?

Repro. Med 1 (9 decks)

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