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GIGU Exam 2 > Male Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Histology Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Where are Sertoli and Leydig cells located

A 
Sertoli = in the semiferious tubules of the testis (initiate spermatogenesis + —Iparamesenephric)
Leydig = around the semiferious tubules of the testis (secrete testosterone from hCG signal)
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2
Q

Where are Sperm and androgens made

A

Testis

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3
Q

Where is semen and nutrients for sperm made

A

Seminal Vesicle, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland

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4
Q

Copulatory Organ with erectile tissue

A

Penis

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5
Q

What is on the posterior side of the testes

A

The epididymis

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6
Q

What is the testes made up of

A
  1. Dense CT = Tunical Albuginea around it (mediastinum testis on the post side= CT fibrous network extending to the bottom)
  2. Septa with lobules with seminiferous tubules inside
  3. Tunica Vaginalis = peritoneum + outer and inner layer
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7
Q

Outer layer of tunica vaginalis

A

Lining the scrotum

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8
Q

Inner layer of tunica vaginalis

A

Lining the tunica albuginea

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9
Q

What is between the mediatinum testis and seminiferous tubules that relay both to the epidermis on the bottom

A

The RETE TESTIS

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10
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined by what and what is inside

A

Seminiferous epithelium
Peritubuar myoid cells - contract tubule to move spermatozoa
Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells -inside
Spermatogenic cells - inside

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11
Q

How manylobules are there with these seminiferous tubules and what is around the tubules

A

250-300

Leydig cells around the tubules - interstitial secreting testosterone

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12
Q

Leydig cells have a lot of

A

Lipid droplets in cytoplasm
Mito
Close to BVs and lymph

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13
Q

What composes the seminiferous epithelium

A
  1. Sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells)

2. Spermatogenic cells

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14
Q

Sertoli cells histology

A

Columnar cells with long processes extending to surround the spermatogenic cells
*CYCLOPS NUCLEUS = very median and single nucleus

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15
Q

Spermatogenic cells histology

A

Replicate and differentiate to mature sperm
Most immature = on basal membrane (SPERMATOGONIA)
Most mature, not fully mature = attached to apical part of Sertoli cells her tubule lumen (SPERMATIDS)

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16
Q

Sertoli Cells functions

A
  1. Exchange + transport metabolites from BVs into lumen
  2. Exocrine and endocrine secretion
  3. Phagocytosis residual bodies (sperminogenesis) + defected sperm
    * Bound by TJs + makes Blood Testis Barrier
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17
Q

Basal Compartment vs Luminal compartment

A

Separated by BTB
Basal compartment = next to BM and BVs
Luminal Compartment = separated and has to connection to BVs , above BTB (lumen of seminiferous tube)

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18
Q

How do you know the position on the Blood Testis Barrier looking at the testis

A

Drawing a line at the Cyclopes nuclei of the Sertoli cells

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19
Q

Spermatogonia 2 types + features

A

Type A : makes copies of itself or becomes type B
Type B : enter meiosis prophase (primary spermatocytes)
* near,closest to BM and undergoes mitosis - make type A or B or both

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20
Q

Where is meiosis happening in the testis

A

On the lumen side of the BTB

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21
Q

Spermatocytes

A

Undergo 2 meiosis divisions inside BTB

From primary spermatocytes——> secondary spermatocytes——> spermatids(early + late)

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22
Q

What cells are found in the luminal compartment

Study These Flashcards
A

2ndary spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm

23
Q

Which cell breaks the BTB

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A

The primary spermatocytes break the blood testis barrier and then the TJs reestablish
——> move into luminal compartment from the basal compartment

24
Q

What is found in the basal compartment

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A

Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes

25
What cell undergoes spermiogensis and what is made
Spermatids : 1. Early spermatids (round) = housed in niches of Sertoli cells 2. Late spermatids (elongated) = housed in apical crypts of Sertoli cells
26
Spermiation
When mature spermatids are released in to the lumen = loose intracellular bridges (residual bodies) = spermatozoa are formed - when in lumen = sperm (spermatozoa) are propelled in epididymis
27
Cryptorchid testis
Undescended testis - infertility No spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules Peritubular fibrosis - Leydig cell hyperplasia * testis have to descend in order to have spree development (since ABD is too warm
28
Head of spree has
Elongated nucleus and capped by acrosome (hydrologic enzymes)
29
SPERM PATHWAY (6 places)
1. Straight tubules - take from seminiferous-> rete 2. Rete Testis - in the mediastinum fibrous network 3. Efferent Ductules (bottom of testis) 4. Epididymis 5. Ductus Deference - mix with fluid from accessory glands 6. Ejaculatory Duct
30
Epididymis function
Sperm mature location Mature sperm stored in the tail Sperm maturation = acquiring forward motility * expel sperm during ejaculation
31
Epididymis histology
Pseudostratified columnar with long stereocilia 1. Principal cells : columnar cells extending from lumen to basal lamina + stereocilia 2. Stem cells : make more principal cells Has circular this SM layer around each tube
32
Ductus Deference Histology
Very think muscular tube Pseudostratified columnar epithelia + some stereocilia CT + elastic tissue + adiposites Has circular (middle) and Longitudinal SM (inner + outer) = carry sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
33
What does the ductus deference have that connects it to the prostate gland Also where else does it get fluid
The AMPULLA Dilated part leading to the prostate gland The vas deference gets fluid from the seminal Vesicle also at its distal end
34
What are the 4 accessory glands
1. Seminal Vesicles 2 2. Prostate glands 1 3. Bublouretheral glands 2 4. Urethral glands
35
Which glands make most of the seminal fluid and regulation of it
Seminal Vesicle and prostate gland | Regulated by ANDROGENS (testosterone + DHT)
36
Seminal Vesicles secretes and histology
Alkaline rich in fructose and prostaglandins (70% of semen) CT capsule High mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar * NO stereocilia Inner circular + outer longitudinal SM
37
What penetrates the prostate gland
The DUCTUS DEFERENCE + SEMINAL VESICLE EXCERTORY DUCT + urethra = * ejaculatory duct
38
Prostate Gland 4 zones
1. Central Zone = around the ejaculatory duct piercing the prostate (*25% of gland) 2. Peripheral Zone = around the central zone + Post.Lat prostate (*70% glandular tissue) 3. Transitional Zone = around prostatic urethra (5%) -mucosal 4. Periurethral Zone = mucosal and submucosal glands
39
Where do most prostatic carcinomas arise
The peripheral zone | Can be palpated during digital rectal exam
40
Prostate histology
30-50 tubuloacinar glands in dense fibromuscular stroma + CT capsule * simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar Has CORPORA AMYLACEA in lumen
41
What part of prostate has chance of getting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
TRANSITIONAL ZONE Parenchymal cells undergo hyperplasia ——> nodular masses of epithelial cells ——> compression of prostatic urethra = hard to urinate
42
Where in prostate do later stages of BPH effect
The PERIURETHRAL ZONE | This zone undergoes pathological growth from stromal components
43
Where do all glands of all zones of the prostate + ductus deference/seminal excretory duct (ejaculatory duct) join where
The prostatic urethra
44
What does the prostate gland secrete
Corpora amylacea = rich glycoproteins + Ca+2 (stored as deposited in the prostate * Zn rich alkaline (neutralization in vagina) = SECRETED * Nutrients in transportation + makes semen more liquid
45
Bulbourethral glands Histology
In urogenital diaphragm Mucus gland like Simple columnar epithelium
46
Bulbourethral glands secretion and regulation
Preseminal fluid : lubrication of *penile urethra + alkaline to neutralize acidic urine Regulated by Testosterone (androgen) * make sure there is no urine in urethra to protect sperm
47
Penis Histology
Cylinderical columnar masses of erectile tissues 2 Corpora Cavernosa 1 ventral corpus Spongiosum (with urethra inside) +vascular sinus and fibocollagenous stroma
48
Glans Penis
Distal tip of the corpus spongiosum
49
Corpora cavernosa is surrounded by | What is inside
Dense fibroelactic layer = TUNICA ALBUGINEA | * inside is the deep artery of the penis
50
Reason there is a lot of trabeculi and vascular sinuses in the cavernous
For erection
51
Erection is due to
Blood filling the cavernous spaces or erectile tissue
52
What causes the signal to erection
PARASYMPATHETIC: relax trabecular SM + dilate helicine arteries =high blood flow = Dorsal vein is compressed against tunica Albuginea——I venous outflow * both lead to erectile tissue
53
What causes the signal for ejaculation
SYMPATHETIC : Constriction of helicine arteries and trabecular muscles = lowered BF = veins can drain

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

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