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Endo-Repro Final > Male Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary induce the testis to form

A

Testosterone
Inhibin

Both inhibit GnRH
Testosterone inhibits LH
Inhibit inhibits FSH

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2
Q

XY or XX is _______ sex
Testes or ovaries is the ________ sex
Internal and external genitalia is the ______ sex

A

Genetic sex
Gonadal sex
Phenotypic sex

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3
Q

Male internal genitalia is under the control of what hormone

A

Testosterone

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4
Q

External male genitalia is controlled by what hormone

A

Dihydrotestosterone

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5
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

XY —> Testes

No testosterone receptors - no development of male internal/external genitalia

+ antimullerian hormone —> no Fallopian tubes, uterus, or upper vagina

Phenotypic female with short vagina, labia, and clitors
Develop breasts during puberty

Must remove testis to prevent malignancy

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6
Q

Main structures of testis

A

Seminiferous tubules
Produce sperm, contains Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes

Connective tissue/interstitial
Leydig cells produce testosterone, also contains mast cells, macrophages, nerves, BV, LN

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7
Q

Leydig cells are stimulated by what hormone of the anterior pituitary

A

LH

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8
Q

Sertoli cells are stimulated by what hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary

A

FSH

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9
Q

Exocrine functions of Sertoli cells

A

Secrete aqueous fluid into lumen of seminiferous tubules -> sperm transport from tubules to epididydmus

Produce androgen binding proteins - binds testosterone and concentrates it in the seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

Endocrine functions of Sertoli cells

A

Produce antimullerian hormone - regression of internal female genital ducts

Produces inhibit: inhibits FSH

Produces aromatase - converts testosterone to estradiol 17b

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11
Q

Supportive function of Sertoli cells

A

Provide nutrients into differentiating sperm (transferrin, Fe, lactate)

Form tight junctions - blood testes barrier

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12
Q

Function of leydig cells

A

Synthesize and secrete testosterone

Can make cholesterol de novo or acquire from circulation

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13
Q

Hormonal changes at puberty

A

Pulsatile GnRH secretion produces pulsatile FSH and LH secretion

Leads to sex steroid hormone secretion (testosterone)

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14
Q

Order of affinity of androgens (on androgen receptor)

A

DHT > testosterone > Androstenedione (very weak but still binds)

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15
Q

Active androgen in most target tissues

A

Testosterone

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16
Q

Androgen made in leydig cells —> seminiferous tubules —> peritubular capillaries —> peripheral circulation

A

Testosterone

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17
Q

_______ _______ protein binds testosterone in the seminiferous tubules to concentrate testosterone there

A

Androgen binding protein

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18
Q

Testosterone production begins at ____ weeks

A

7-8 weeks

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19
Q

Testosterone causes induction of _____ sex characteristics

A

Secondary

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20
Q

What are some secondary sexual characteristics induced by testosterone

A 
Growth spurt 
Closure of epiphyseal plates
Acne
Increased muscle ass
Deepening of voice 
Body hair
Baldness
Libido 
Growth of penis and seminal vesicles
Increased BMR 
Increased RBCs
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21
Q

_____ is made from testosterone by the action of 5alpha reductase (enzyme)

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A

dihydrotestosterone

22
Q

During development, DHT directs the formation of _____ genitalia

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A

External genitalia

23
Q

5alpha reductase deficiency

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A

At birth, male internal genitalia (testosterone) ambiguous external genitalia (no DHT)

At puberty: testosterone levels super high- asculinization and male external genitalia

24
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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A

Poorly understood pathogenesis but requires androgens

Enlargement of periurethral prostate lobes -> compress urethra

Storage and voiding symptoms

Not premalignant

25
Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment options
1st line - alpha1 antagonists - relaxes smooth muscle in bladder neck and urethra 2nd line - 5alhpa reductase inhibitors - blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT
26
Testosterone can be aromatized to ______
Estrogens
27
Actions of estradiol
Bone maturation Growth acceleration Breast growth Role in spermatogenesis
28
Male hypogonadism
Decrease in sperm/testosterone production Primary - problem with testis, high LH and FSH Secondary - problem with pituitary, low LH, FSH, low testosterone and sperm
29
Klinefelter is an example of ____________
Hypogonadismm
30
Klinefelter syndrome
Primary hypogonadys 47, XXY Y chromosome gives male phenotype Abnormal leydig function, low test, high LH, high estrogen Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis Infertility, decreased inhibin causes high FSH
31
Secondary hypogonadis (non functioning pituitary tumors)
Pituitary compression - low LH and FSH, low test, hypogonadism Mass effect: visual symptoms, headache
32
Kallmann syndrome is an example of _______ hypogonadism
Secondary hypogonadism
33
Kallmann syndrome
GnRH neurons fail to migrate into hypothalamus during embryonic development - low GnRH secretion - low LH, FSH - low testosterone Delayed/absent puberty Infertility Impaired sense of smell ss
34
Spermatogenesis occurs in the _____
Seminiferous tubules
35
Immature male germ cells
Spermatogoniia
36
As sperm cell precursors mature, they move closer to lumen/basolateral membrane
Lumen
37
Three phases of spermatogenesis
Mitotic divisions Meiotic divisions Spermiogenesis
38
As a result of mitotic divisions of spermatogenesis, the spermatogonia forms ____ _______ cells
2 primary spermatocytes
39
As a result of meiotic divisions of spermatogenesis, the primary spermatocytes (2 from before) under go ____ meiotic divisions to produce ____x _____________ with X amount of chromosomes As a result of the second round of meiotic divisions, the cell types from above produce ___x _______ with x amount of chromosomes
Primary spermatocytes 2 secondary spermatocytes each haploid 2 spermatic each haploid
40
Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis to become
Mature spermatozoa.
41
What virus can cause testicular pain, scrotal swelling, erythema Destroys epithelium of seminiferous tubules and ay impair fertility
Mumps
42
Cryptorchidsm
Undescendeed testes Affects Sertoli cells, not leydig cells therefore Testosterone is normal Impaired fertility
43
Hormonal controls of spermatogenesis
``` Testosterone: growth and division LH: stimulation of testostorone FSH: stimulates Sertoli cells GH: early division fo spermatogonia Estrogen: probably also essential for spermiogenesis ```
44
Describe the movement of sperm
``` Seminiferous tubules Epididymus Vas deferens Prostate glands Seminal vesicles Ejaculatory duct Urethra Bulbourethral glands ```
45
In the epididymus, what maturation of sperm occurs
Motility is imparted | Decapacitation - addition of molecules to membranes to prevent premature acrosomal reaction
46
Seminal vesicles secrete fluid containing what molecules
Fructose, citrate, prostaglandins, fibrinogen Noursh super Prostaglandins important for fertilization
47
Prostate gland secretion functions
Produces slightly alkaline fluid containing citrate, phosphate, calcium, and enzymes Neutralizes acidity of other seminal fluids Improves motility Aids in fertilization
48
Composition of semen
10% sperm 60% fluid from seminal vesicles 30% fluid from prostate Small amount of fluid from bulbourethral gland
49
Primary mode of arousal
Sensory nerve signals from glans penis —> pudendal n —> sacral spinal cord
50
Secondary arousal centers
Anal epithelium Scrotum Perineal structures Internal structures
51
What are the 3 erectile bodies in the penis
2 corpora cavernous and 1 corpus spongiosum Relax for an erection

Endo-Repro Final (8 decks)

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