male reproductive system Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Functions of tHE MRS

To ____,___, and ____ sperm & semen
To _____ sperm within the female reproductive tract

-To ___ and _____ male sex hormones

produce, maintain & transport

discharge

produce & secrete

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Substantial part of the male reproductive system is located _____ of the man’s body

outside

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External parts of the MRS

____,____, ______

Penis Urethra Scrotum

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Internal parts of the MRS

\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_

Testis

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicle

Ejaculatory ducts

Prostate

Bulbo-urethral glands

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Penis

-The penis is the ____,____ male copulatory organ

pendant; cylindrical

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The penis is the common outlet for urine & semen

T/F

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The penis has 3 parts: the ___, the ____/____; & _____, which is the ____-shaped end of the penis

root

body/shaft

glans

cone

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Body of penis is ____ in shape & consists of __ columns/chambers of erectile tissue that are wrapped in CT& covered with skin

cylindrical

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2 dorsal columns in the body of the penis are ______

Single, midline ventral column surrounds ____ & is called _______

-These chambers are made up by special, ____-like erectile tissue

corpora cavernosa

corpus spongiosum

sponge

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This sponge-like erectile tissue of the body of penis contains thousands of ____ that fill with ____ when the man is sexually aroused

large spaces

blood

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As the penis fills with blood, it becomes ____ and ____ , which allows for penetration intercourse

rigid & erect

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The tunica albuginea is condensed ____ tissue that invests the cavernous bodies; continuous with _____ of ____ (allows thin penile skin to move) containing prominent blood vessels

fibro-elastic

loose CT

hypodermis

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The skin of the penis is ___ and ____ to accommodate changes in penis size during an erection

loose & elastic

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The glans is covered with a ____ layer of skin called _____ (__)

Loose

prepuce

foreskin

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The root of the penis consists of ____ (covered by _____), ____ (covered by ______ ) and is Located in _____ pouch, bw the ____ membrane & _____ fascia

bulb; bulbospongiosus

crura; ischiocavernosus

superficial perineal

perineal; deep perineal

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The bulb of the penis is firmly attached to the (superior or inferior?) surface of the membrane & is continued (anteriorly or posteriorly?)? as the ______

The crura are on the ___ of the bulb; anteriorly they are continued into the _____

Inferior

anteriorly

corpus spongiosum

sides

corpora cavernosa

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Urethra of men

Extends from the ______ to ___ of the ___
Length of _____ cm

bladder neck

end of the penis

18-20

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4 parts of the male urethra

preprostatic- __\to ____cm
Prostatic~ _cm closer to the (anterior or posterior?) than the (anterior or posterior?) surface; The posterior wall of the interior of the urethra consists of : ____; prostatic ___; ____ ; prostatic _____

1-1.5

anterior; posterior

urethral crest; sinus; seminal colliculus; utricle

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widest & most dilated part of the male urethra is ????

The prostatic urethra

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4 parts of the male urethra

Membranous (intermediate):___cm;traverses the _____ pouch & the _____
Spongy:___cm: passes through the ___ & corpus ______ ; ~____ in Diameter; expanded at the _____ fossa & _____ fossa

1-2

deep perineal

perineal membrane

15-16

bulb; spongiosum

5mm; intrabulbar; navicular

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narrowest of the 4 main parts of the male urethra Is ???

Membranous

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_____ is the narrowest part of the urethra

External urethral orifice

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Male urethra is Lined with ____ epithelium,_____/____

-At its dilated anterior part in the ____-fossa navicularis, it is _____ epithelium

Transitional; Stratified/Pseudostratified

glans

stratified squamous

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Mucous membrane of urethra contains numerous glands (of ___) whose ducts open in a ____ direction

-Empty urethra is ____ in cross-section; the meatus is a _____, hence the spiral stream of urine, which delays separation of the urine stream into discrete droplets

Littre

proximal

horizontal

vertical slit

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Female urethra- ___ long, ____ in Diameter

4cm 6mm

Scrotum - A pouch containing the ___ - suspended by the ____ and associated structures - has A ____ raphe continuous with the ____ raphe anterioly and ____ raphe posterioly - A ______ divides it into 2 cavities; - ___ half is longer

testicles; spermatic cords median; penile; perineal fibrous septum left

Coverings of the testis in the scrotum: * Skin * Superficial fascia & dartos muscle - is continuous anteriorly with the _____ fascia and posteriorly with ____’ fascia * External spermatic fascia - _____ * Cremaster muscle - ______ * Cremaster fascia - _____ * Internal spermatic fascia - _____ * Tunica vaginalis - _____

Scarpa’s Colle’s external oblique aponeurosis internal oblique muscle fascia of superficial & deep surfaces of internal oblique transversalis fascia peritoneum

_____ is responsible for the rugosity of the scrotum

Dartos muscle

contraction of dartos muscle causes the scrotum to ____ when ——-

wrinkle cold

The superficial fascia of the scrotum is devoid of fat | T/F

Testis -___ shaped organ suspended in the scrotum by the ____ - They produce both a cellular "secretory product" in the form of ____, and the hormone ____ as a true endocrine secretion

Ovoid spermatic cord. sperm testosterone

The testes are purely endocrine in nature. | T/F

F The testes are "exocrine" and endocrine in nature.

Dimension of testes : (in adult human) weight : ___ g Length:___ cm Width: ____ cm AP- ___ cm

12 4. 5 2. 5 3

Tunica vaginalis - (fibrous or serosal?) lining derived from the ____ - contains ______ and ____ cells - covers loosely _____ and ____

Serosal peritoneum fibroblast and myocytes Anteriorly & laterally

Tunica vaginalis have both _____ and ______ layers

parietal and visceral

Tunica _____ contract rhythmically

Vaginalis

Tunica vaginalis have vascular CT | T/F

Tunica albuginea - _____ - capsule of (loose or dense?) (fibrous or serous?) tissue - (internal or external?) to the tunica vaginalis - sends in (anteriorly or posteriorly ?) a vertical septum-the ______

white tunic Dense Fibrous internal Posteriorly mediastinum testis

mediastinum testis gives off delicate _____ septa that divide testis into ~____ testicular lobules.

collagenous 250

Septation of the testes is usually complete in domestic animals T/F

F Incomplete

Tunica vasculosa - (inner or outer?) layer - is of loose areolar tissue - richly ______

Inner vascularized

The bulk of the testicular tissue is the _____?

Seminiferous tubules

Seminiferous tubules -__-__per testicular lobule.

1 to 4

uncoiled, each seminiferous tubules can measure up to ___ cm in length and __-___ µm in Diameter

80 150-250

In man, the combined length of the seminiferous tubules in one testis is ~ ____ m.

250

Combined length of seminiferous tubules in one testes is much higher that 250m for large animals like \___ and ____

boars and bulls

Interstitial endocrinocytes: - Leydig cells singly or in groups within CT - secrete _____

androgens

Sertoli Cells - Supportive or ____ cells - comprise ____,___ epithelium - Highly infiltrated with ___ cells of the ___ series - Secrete ______ - Phagocytize excess cytoplasm cast off by spermatids - Nuclei usually found toward ____ membrane; frequently ____ or ____

sustentacular simple, columnar germ; spermatogenic androgen-binding protein basement triangular or ovoid

_____ cells function as follicle cells in males

Sertoli cells

androgen-binding protein transports ____ to lumen of ____

dihydrotestosterone seminiferous tubule

Nucleus of Sertoli cells are Oriented at ___ angles to _____ membrane

right basement

Nucleus of Sertoli cells - may be deeply indented - Prominent ___ - _____ chromatin - prominent ____ bodies associated with ___ - sER

nucleolus dispersed chromatin; nucleolus

Blood-testis barrier -Separate (apical or basal?) compartment containing ____ from adluminal compartment containing ____ and ____ -The barrier prevents passage of ___ agents into the _____

Basal ; spermatogonia; spermatocytes & spermatids cytotoxic seminiferoustubules

The blood–testes barrier can be damaged by ____ to the testes (including ___ or ____) , by surgery or as a result of _____

trauma torsion or impact vasectomy

When the blood–testes barrier is breached, and sperm enters the _____, the immune system mounts an ___ against the sperm -If they bind to the head, the sperm maybe less able to ____, and if they bind to the tail, the _____ of the sperm can be reduced

bloodstream autoimmune response fertilize an egg motility

BTB AND BEB -Complete BTB and BEB are comprised of 3 components: ___,___,___ - _____ form anatomical (physical) barrier that restricts passage of molecules & cells from entering or exiting the lumen - Physiological barrier can is comprised of ____ that regulate movement of substances in or out of the lumen, thus creating a _____ , which is critical for proper development & maturation of germ cells - Immunological barrier limits access by the immune system and sequesters the majority of the auto antigenic germ-cells - Combined with the overall immune privilege of the testis, this suppresses detrimental immune responses against the ______ cells

anatomical,physiological,& immunological TJs transporters; microenvironment auto antigenic germ

Tubuli Recti - As the seminiferous tubules approach the ____ there is gradual ____ of the _____ elements until the tubules are lined only by ____ (______ epithelium)

rete testis depletion; germinal SCs low columnar

Rete Testis - Receives sperm directly from the _____ & passes them on to the next portion of "drainage" - ______ epithelium - it’s the thickening of ______ at ____

seminiferous tubules Low cuboidal hilum

_____ is the beginning of the outlet ducts in males

Rete testis

List the muscle Contained in mediastinum testis

no muscle Contained in mediastinum testis

Ductuli Efferentes -Rete testis opens into __-____ efferent ducts -These coiled ducts are lined by a ____ epithelium of peculiar appearance, giving the duct a "___/____’’ appearance

10-20 pseudostratified columnar scalloped“/wavy

All the efferent ductules are the same in height from place to place T/F

F They vary

2 cell types are present in efferent ductules : ____ and _______ epithelial cells

cilia & nonciliated absorptive cuboidal

Many of the epithelial cells lining the efferent ductules, especially the ____ ones, are (ciliated or non ciliated?) These are (true or false ?) cilia i.e.,_____, which have the typical (internal or external ?) structure and which are capable of ____.

taller Ciliated kinocilia internal movement

The cilia of ciliated cells of the efferent ductules help propel the ____ and still immotile spermatozoa along their journey

not-yet-fully matured

Characteristics & Composition Of Human Semen - Colour is ____, _____ - Specific gravity of semen is ____ - pH of semen is _____ - Count-~ ____ - Abnormal forms- less than ___% - Fluid from seminal vesicle ( ___ %)-fructose, phosphorylcholine, ergothioneine, AA, flavins, PG - Fluid from prostate ( ___%)-spermine, citric acid, cholesterol, phospholipids, fibrinolysin, fibrinogenase, Zn, acid phosphatase

white; opalescent 1. 028 7. 35-7.50 100 million/ml 20 60; 20

Epididymis - Compact mass extending down over (anterior or posterior?) aspect of testis - extremely ____, tightly ____ tube - Consists of the ___,___,___ - ~_-_m in length

posterior tortuous; coiled head, body and tail 4-6

The efferent ductules transport the sperms from the ____ to the ___

rete testis epididymis

Sperm are ____ and ___ in the epididymis, prior to ejaculation

stored & matured

The lining of the epididymis is _____, but here they're adorned with "____" rather than ___ cilia

pseudostratified columnar stereocilia true

Stereocilia of epidydymis -are unfortunately misnamed because They are not cilia and (motile or non-motile?) , but instead are just enormously (short or long?) ____ - They are a specialization for increased _____ - These cells are supported on ______ surrounded by ____ cells

non-motile long microvilli surface area basal lamina smooth muscle

The epididymis is a secretory organ T/F

Epidydymis Produces ___ needed to __ the sperm and make it functionally capable of effecting fertilization

glycoproteins coat

Once the sperm have been resident in the epididymis for some time they are fully matured both morphologically & physiologically T/F

Epididymal cells have a very well-developed Golgi apparatus T/F With reason

T since they are actively involved in glycosylation reactions

____ of epididymidis also takes part in uptake & digestion of _____ that are eliminated during ____

Epithelium residual bodies spermatogenesis

Ductus (Vas) Deferens - Muscular tube - ~___cm in length - Begins in the __ of the ____ - Following its exit from the _____, it crosses over the ____ vessels

45 tail of the epididymis inguinal canal external iliac

Structures between the vas deferens and the peritoneum?

During its course, no structure intervenes bw it & the peritoneum

Ductus vas deferens Inner & outer layers of _____ oriented smooth muscle, intermediate layer of ___ muscle -___pathetic nervous innervation

longitudinally circular Sym

Strong peristaltic contractions expel ejaculum from vas deferens T/F

Ductus vas deferens Lined by _____ epithelium thrown into folds (containing ____) -Dilated distal portion = ____

pseudostratified lamina propria ampulla

At the final portion of ampulla of vas deferens, seminal vesicles join the duct = _____ duct

ejaculatory

Seminal Vesicle - ____ diverticulum of ductus deferens - _____ appearance - _____ epithelium secretory (low cuboidal) - Produces _____ (watery or viscid?) (alkaline? Or acidic?) fluid containing fructose, fibrinogen, vitamin C and prostaglandins

Glandular Honeycombed Pseudostratified yellowish; viscid, alkaline

Prominent muscular wall of vas deferens : inner ___ and outer ____ layers

circular longitudinal

EJACULATORY DUCT - Union of the duct of a _____ with the _____ - ~ ___ cm long - Converge to open on the ____ by slit-like apertures on, or just within, the opening of the _____

seminal vesicle vas deferens 2.5 seminal colliculus prostatic utricle

Bulbourethral Glands - 2 (small or large?) ___ shaped bodies - placed ____ to the _____ part of the urethra - between the ____ membrane and the ____ fascia

Small; round posterolateral; membranous perineal parietal pelvic

Bulbourethral Glands Their ducts, ~___ cm long pierce the _____, to open into the ____ part of the urethra - These glands produce a ____,____ fluid. - This fluid serves to ____ the urethra and to neutralize any _____ that may be present due to residual drops of ___ in the urethra

2.5 perineal membrane spongy clear, slippery lubricate acidity urine

Largest accessory organ of male rep system is ????

Prostate gland

PROSTATE GLAND - Surrounds the ____ urethra - Healthy human prostate ______ than a walnut - _/3 glandular & _/3 fibromuscular

prostatic slightly larger 2; 1

The only exocrine organ located in midline in humans is???

Prostate gland

Prostate gland is Surrounded by (thin or thick?) , _____ capsule

Thick fibro-elastic

Prostate gland __ lobes= list them! -Prostatic ducts , about __-__ open into prostatic ____

5 ant, post, 2 lateral & middle 20-30; sinuses

Prostate gland Separated by __ that is arising from ___ & containing ____ muscle and innervated by __pathetic neurons Divided into ~__ (well or poorly?) defined lobules ______ epithelium - (apically or basally?) or located nuclei - forms branching folds with central core of lamina propria = ___ appearance

septa capsule; smooth sym 50; poorly Pseudostratified columnar Basally papillary

Between seminal vesicle and prostate gland, which has a much higher epithelium

Prostate gland

Prostate gland Lamellated glycoprotein masses = corpora ___ that ___ease with age; calcify as prostatic ____ -prostatic fluid is (Thin or thick ?) ___ secretory product rich in citric acid & hydrolytic enzymes: fibrinolysin

amylacea Incr concretions Thin milky

3 separate groups of compound tubulo-acinar glands arranged concentrically around urethra (1) Main prostatic glands - bulk of organ - peripheral __/3rds - drain via about ___ (short or long?) long (arching) ducts into (proximal or distal?) urethra on either side of the urethral ____/____

2; 20; long distal crest verumontanum

Submucosal prostatic glands - aka —— ____glands - drain via (short or long?) ducts into urethral ____

outer periurethral Short sinuses

Mucosal prostatic glands - aka ______ glands - open directly into _____

inner periurethral urethra

____ prostatic Glands can lead to cancer ____ prostatic Glands can lead to BPH

Main glands Submucosal and mucosal

Prostatic urethra: lined by _____ epithelium

transitional

ZONES OF THE PROSTATE Peripheral zone - ~___% volume - Major site of _____ (____% of CA) Central zone - Surrounds _____ ducts - ___% volume - Accounts for ~__% of CAs ``` Transition zone ~__% at puberty ~___-__% of CAs originate here -Surrounds ____ urethra -Most cases of ____ arise from here ```

70 ; prostate cancer; 70-80 ejaculatory; 25; 2.5 5; 10-20 proximal BPH

Cancer of the prostate from the central zone tend to be more ____ & more likely to invade the _____

Aggressive seminal vesicles

CLASSIFICATION OF LOBES of prostate -Anterior lobe (or ____) ~ corresponds to part of ____ zone - Posterior lobe ~corresponds to ____ zone - Lateral lobes spans __ zones - Median lobe (or middle lobe) ~corresponds to part of ____ zone

isthmus; transitional peripheral all central

APPLIED ANATOMY - Infertility: _____ syndrome - ____ dysfunction - Endocrine control of testicular functions

Immotile ciliary Erectile

Ca Prostate :PSA Is a ___ test used primarily to screen for _____ - the test measures the amount of PSA in your blood - PSA is a protein produced by ____ tissue in the prostate

blood prostate cancer both cancerous and noncancerous

Klinefelter Syndrome - 1:_____ male births - they’d have ____ chromosome - Hypogonadism or hypergonadism?

500-1000 XXY Hypo

Patients with Klinefelter syndrome are sterile | T/F

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - female face - breast growth - lack of axillary hair - female body shape - ____ muscles - testicle _____ - ____ scrotal sac

lean undescended empty

prostate is located in the ____ pelvis (Above or below?) the urogenital diaphragm

lesser | Above

Prostate is (in front of or behind ?) the rectal ampulla. It is embraced on each side by the ____ muscle.

Infront of levator ani

The base of the prostate is pierced by the urethra in the median plane at the junction of its anterior __-third and posterior __-third.

one two

Which lobe of prostate is devoid of glandular tissue Which lobe of prostate contains much of the glandular tissue Which lobe of prostate contains some of the glandular tissue

Anterior lobe Median lobe Lateral

False capsule of the prostate It is derived from the ______. envelops the prostate gland and _______ in (the same or a different?) compartment.

pelvic fascia urinary bladder The same

The lumen of tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate contains small colloid masses called _____

corpora amylacea.

The prostate gland is supplied by the branches of _____, ——— , and ____ arteries.

inferior vesical middle rectal internal pudendal

The communication between the vesical and vertebral venous plexuses is valveless. T/F

Artery to vas deferens, a branch of ____ artery. Artery to vas deferens, a branch of ____ artery Artery to vas deferens, a branch of _____ artery.

superior vesical inferior vesical middle rectal

Most common approach to remove adenoma of prostate is ???

Transurethral

Tunica albuginea surrounds only corpus cavernous and not spongiosum T/F

F It surrounds both

The internal layer of prepuce is continuous with the __ skin covering the __ firmly.

thin Glans

The skin covering the glans is continuous with the mucous membrane of the urethra at the ______.

external urethral orifice

Frenulum of the prepuce is highly sensitive. T/F

deep fascia of the penis or _____ fascia - It surrounds both corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum - extends beyond the neck of penis - separates the ____ and ____ veins of the penis.

Buck’s T F doesn’t superficial and deep dorsal

____ arteries of the penis are the principal vessels for filling the lacunae of erectile tissue during erection of the penis.

Deep

The dorsal arteries of the penis supply the ___ penis and ___ part of corpus spongiosum, ____ and _____ of prepuce. The arteries of bulb supply the ___ and ____ half of the corpus spongiosum. The superficial external pudendal arteries supply the ____ and _____ of the penis.

glans distal prepuce, and frenulum bulb; proximal skin and fascia

Lymph vessels from the glans penis drain into the ____ lymph nodes, especially into the lymph node of ___. The lymph vessels from the rest of penis drain into _____ lymph nodes.

deep inguinal Cloquet superficial inguinal

Testes is a mobile organ T/F

The anterior border is rounded and _____ covered by the tunica vaginalis. The posterior border is straight and _____ covered by the tunica vaginalis.

completely partly

On the lateral aspect the epididymis is separated from the testis by the extension of the cavity of _____ called _____ of the ____

tunica vaginalis sinus of the epididymis

Hydrocele : It is the accumulation of the fluid within the ____

tunica vaginalis

Venous pressure is less in the left testicular vein T/F

Epidydymis adds substances to the seminal fluid to nourish the maturating spermatozoa. T/F

Epidydymis also absorbs the seminal fluid T/F

Lymph node involved in the cancer (carcinoma) of penis is ???

Cloquet’s node

Ectopic testes is rare T/F

SUPPORTS OF THE PROSTATE _________ ________ _______

Urogenital diaphragm 2 pairs of puboprostatic ligament Retrovesical fascia of denonvillers

male reproductive system Flashcards

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