Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Organs of the male reproductive system

Answer 1

Teste
Accessory Sex Glands (seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral glands)
Scrotum
Penis

Question 2

What are paired oval glands that develop, produce sperm and secrete hormones.

Answer 2

Testes

Question 3

How are sperm transported, stored, matured, and conveyed to the exterior?

Answer 3

By a system of ducts.

Question 4

What does semen contain?

Answer 4

Sperm plus the secretions provided by the accessory sex glands.

Question 5

What are lobules?

Answer 5

Dense White Fibrous Capsule that extends inward and divides each testis into internal compartments.

Question 6

What are the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 6

Produce sperm by a process called spermatogenesis. Tubule is lined with spermatogenic cells.

Question 7

What do the Sertoli cells do?

Answer 7

Located between the developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules, support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells;

Phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells;

Secrete fluid for sperm transport

Release of the hormone inhibin, which regulate sperm production

Question 8

Where are the Leydig cells located?

Answer 8

Between the seminiferous tubules.

Question 9

What do the leydig cells do?

Answer 9

Secrete the hormone testosterone.

Question 10

What is the hormone that promotes the development of masculine characteristics?

Answer 10

Androgen

Question 11

What promotes a mans libido?

Answer 11

Testosterone

Question 12

What is a pouch that supports the testes; it consists of loose skin, superficial fascia, and smooth muscle?

Answer 12

The Scrotum

Question 13

What divides the scrotum into two sacs each containing a single testis?

Answer 13

Septum

Question 14

The production and survival of sperm is optimal at what temperature?

Answer 14

2-3 degrees Celsius below normal body temperature.

Question 15

What is Spermatogenesis?

Answer 15

The process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm.

Question 16

How many stages are there of spermatogenesis, and what are they?

Answer 16

3 stages

Meiosis I, Meiosis II, Spermiogensis

Question 17

What are diploid cells?

Answer 17

Diploid cells are somatic cells that contain two sets of chromosomes.

Question 18

What do gametes contain?

Answer 18

Gametes contain a single set of 23 chromosomes.

Question 19

In sexual reproduction an organism results from what?

Answer 19

The fusion of two different gametes, one from each parent.

Question 20

Meiosis occurs in how many stages?

Answer 20

Two stages

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Question 21

The time from on-set of cell division in a spermatogonium until sperm are re-leased into the lumen of a seminiferous tubule is how many days?

Answer 21

65 to 75 days.

Question 22

The cells formed by meiosis I are what kind of spermatocytes? Having how many chromosomes?

Answer 22

Haploid secondary spermatocytes,

23 (replicated) chromosomes.

Question 23

In the final stage of spermatogenesis, what is happening?

Answer 23

Each haploid spermatid develops into a single sperm cell.

Question 24

Sperm are produced at what rate per day?

Answer 24

The rate of about 300 million per day

Question 25

Once ejaculated, most do not survive more than how many hours in the female reproductive tract?

Answer 25

48 hours in the female reproductive tract

Question 26

What are the major parts of the sperm cell?

Answer 26

The head and the tail.

Question 27

The tail of the sperm are divided into how many parts? What are the parts?

Answer 27

Divided into four parts Neck, Middle Piece, Principal Piece, End Piece.

Question 28

Which piece of the tail of sperm contains mitochondria which provides ATP for locomotion?

Answer 28

The middle piece.

Question 29

What is the longest portion of the tail?

Answer 29

The principal piece is the longest portion.

Question 30

What is the terminal, tapering portion of the tail?

Answer 30

The end piece.

Question 31

What is a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testis?

Answer 31

The epididymis

Question 32

What does the epididymis contain?

Answer 32

Each epididymis consists mostly of the tightly coiled ductus epididymis.

Question 33

What is the site of sperm maturation?

Answer 33

The epididymis.

Question 34

What is sperm maturation?

Answer 34

The process by which sperm acquire motility and the ability to fertilize a secondary oocyte.

Question 35

What also stores sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle into the ductus vas deferens?

Answer 35

The ductus epididymis

Question 36

What ascends along the posterior border of the epididymis and penetrates the inguinal canal, a passageway in the front abdominal wall?

Answer 36

The ductus deferens

Question 37

Functionally, the ductus deferens do what? stores sperm, which can remain viable here for up to several months.

Answer 37

Stores sperm, which can remain viable here for up to several months.

Question 38

What is a supporting structure of the male reproductive system?

Answer 38

Spermatic Cord

Question 39

How are the ejaculatory ducts formed?

Answer 39

Formed by the union of the duct from the vas deferens to the seminal vesicles.

Question 40

(c) The ductus deferens has a heavy coat of what?

Answer 40

Three layers of muscle.

Question 41

What is the terminal duct of the male reproductive system, serving as a passageway for both sperm and urine?

Answer 41

The urethra

Question 42

In the male, the urethra passes through what ?

Answer 42

The prostate, deep perineal muscles and penis

Question 43

The opening of the urethra to the exterior is called what?

Answer 43

External urethral orifice

Question 44

What secretes most of the liquid portion of semen?

Answer 44

Accessory sex glands

Question 45

What are pouch-like structures, lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum?

Answer 45

Seminal vesicles

Question 46

What do the seminal vesicles secrete?

Answer 46

Secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins.

Question 47

The alkaline nature of the seminal vesicle fluid helps to do what?

Answer 47

To neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract that otherwise would inactivate and kill sperm

Question 48

The fructose is used for what?

Answer 48

ATP production by sperm

Question 49

Prostaglandins contribute to what?

Answer 49

Sperm motility and viability and may also stimulate muscular contraction within the female reproductive tract.

Question 50

Fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles normally constitutes about percentage of the volume of semen?

Answer 50

60% of the volume of semen.

Question 51

Clotting proteins help what?

Answer 51

Semen coagulate after ejaculation

Question 52

What is a single, doughnut-shaped gland about the size of a golf ball?

Answer 52

The prostate

Question 53

What is inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the upper portion of the urethra?

Answer 53

The prostate

Question 54

What secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid?

Answer 54

The prostate

Question 55

Prostatic secretions make up about what percentage of the volume of semen?

Answer 55

25% of the volume of semen

Question 56

The paired bulbourethral glands are about what size?

Answer 56

The size of peas

Question 57

Where are the bulbourethral glands located?

Answer 57

They are located inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra.

Question 58

During sexual arousal, the bulbourethral glands secrete an alkaline substance into the urethra glands that does what?

Answer 58

That protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra.

Question 59

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

Answer 59

They secrete mucus that lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the urethra, thereby decreasing the number of sperm damaged during ejaculation.

Question 60

Semen is a mixture of what?

Answer 60

Mixture of sperm and the secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.

Question 61

The volume of semen in a typical ejaculation is what?

Answer 61

2.5 to 5 milliliters, with 50 to 150 million sperm per milliliter.

Question 62

When the number of sperm falls below the male is likely to be infertile?

Answer 62

20 million per milliliter,

Question 63

semen has a slightly alkaline pH of?

Answer 63

Semen has a slightly alkaline pH of 7.2 to 7.7

Question 64

Prostatic secretion gives semen what kind of appearance?

Answer 64

A milky appearance

Question 65

Fluids from the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands give semen what kind of consistency?

Answer 65

Give it a sticky consistency.

Question 66

Semen also contains what that can destroy certain bacteria?

Answer 66

An antibiotic

Question 67

The antibiotic may help control what? the abundance of naturally occurring bacteria in the semen and in the lower female reproductive tract.

Answer 67

The abundance of naturally occurring bacteria in the semen and in the lower female reproductive tract.

Question 68

What contains the urethra and is a passageway for the ejaculation of semen and the excretion of urine?

Answer 68

Penis

Question 69

Describe the penis.

Answer 69

Cylindrical in shape and consists of a root, a body, and the glans penis

Question 70

The distal end of the corpus spongiosum penis is a slightly enlarged region called what?

Answer 70

Glans penis

Question 71

Define erection.

Answer 71

The first visible sign of sexual excitement is erection, the enlargement and stiffening of the penis.

Question 72

How does an erection happen?

Answer 72

Parasympathetic impulses cause release of neurotransmitters and local hormones, including the gas nitric oxide, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle in the penile arteries.

Question 73

Define ejaculation.

Answer 73

Ejaculation, the powerful release of semen from the urethra to the exterior, is a sympathetic reflex coordinated by the lumbar portion of the spinal cord

Question 74

What hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Answer 74

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 75

LH stimulates Leydig cells, which are located between seminiferous tubules, to secrete the hormone testosterone

Answer 75

Lutenizing Hormone

Question 76

This steroid hormone is synthesized from cholesterol in the testes and is the principal androgen. What hormone is this?

Answer 76

Luteinizing Hormone

Question 77

What acts in a negative feedback manner to suppress secretion of LH by the anterior pituitary and to suppress secretion of GnRH by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells?

Answer 77

Testosterone

Question 78

In some target cells, such as those in the external genitals and prostate, an enzyme converts testosterone to another androgen called what?

Answer 78

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

Question 79

What acts together to stimulate spermatogenesis?

Answer 79

FSH and testosterone act together to stimulate spermatogenesis

Question 80

Once the degree of spermatogenesis required for male reproductive functions has been achieved, Sertoli cells releases what hormone, named for its inhibition of FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 80

inhibin, a hormone named for its inhibition of FSH secretion

Question 81

Inhibin thus inhibits what?

Answer 81

The secretion of hormones needed for spermatogenesis

Question 82

Before birth. what stimulates the male pattern of development of reproductive system ducts and the descent of the testes?

Answer 82

Testosterone

Question 83

What stimulates development of the external genitals?

Answer 83

DHT

Question 84

What contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis and to sex drive (libido) in both males and females?

Answer 84

Androgens

Question 85

Androgens are what kind of hormones? What do these hormones do?

Answer 85

Androgens are anabolic hormones; that is, they stimulate protein synthesis.