Male Reproductive system

Question 1

Main function of the male reproductive tract?

Answer 1

Produce spermatozoa
Deliver into the female reproductive tract
Produce androgens

Question 2

Organs involved in the main functions of the male reproductive tract?

Answer 2

Testes, ducts, accessory glands

Question 3

responsible for puberty in males, male phenotype, sexual development and behavior

Answer 3

testosterone

Question 4

Ducts that transports the sperms from the testes to the urethra are?

Answer 4

efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens

Question 5

Accessory glands that produce the fluids of the semen?

Answer 5

seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands

Question 6

Spermatogenesis occurs in the

Answer 6

seminiferous tubules

Question 7

Steroidogenesis occurs in the (this is the tissue that surrounds the seminiferous tubules)

Answer 7

Interstitium (also called as Intertubular tissue)

Question 8

outer mesothelium, Outer layer of the testis

Answer 8

Tunica vaginalis

Question 9

fibrous capsule- makes the mediastinum testis on the posterior side of the testis

Answer 9

Tunica albuginea

Question 10

goes deep inside the albuginea dividing the testis into 250-300 lobes, lobes contain seminiferous tubules which is where spermatogenesis happens

Answer 10

Tunica vasculosa

Question 11

Synthesis and secretion of androgens Is called what?

Answer 11

steroidogenesis

Question 12

Production of spermatozoon/spermatozoa is called what?

Answer 12

spermatogenesis

Question 13

Layer of simple squamous epithelial cells- derived from the embryonic mesoderm. Outer layer of testes

Answer 13

Mesothelium

Question 14

Made of dense fibrous connective tissue+ smooth muscles
Forms mediastinum towards the back of the testis

Answer 14

Tunica albuginea

Question 15

-found towards the back on the testis
-It is a network of fibrous connective tissue that makes hollow passages for sperm to pass through, blood vessels also converge here
-continuous with the tunica albuginea on the outside and tunica vasculosa (the dividing septa) on the inside of the testis

Answer 15

Mediastinum

Question 16

The ends of the seminiferous tubules towards the back of the testis is called the

Answer 16

Rete Testis

Question 17

a complex stratified epithelium. Made of Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells

Answer 17

Seminiferous epithelium

Question 18

Cells mitotically divide and differentiate into primary spermatocytes

Answer 18

Type B sperm

Question 19

ones continue on to become type B spermatogonia

Answer 19

Pale Type Sperm (Ap)

Question 20

are a reserve of cells in case the spermatogenic epithelium is damaged, they help repopulate the epithelium with new Type A spermatogonis cells

Answer 20

Dark type Spermatogonia (Ad)

Question 21

what are the 4 stages of spermiogenesis?

Answer 21

1. Formation of acrosome
2. Condensation and elongation of nucleus
3. Development of the flagellum
4. Loss of excess cytoplasm

Question 22

process where the early spermatid transforms morphologically and turns into a streamlined structure called the Spermatozoon

Answer 22

spermiogenesis

Question 23

What are the functions of sertoli cells

Answer 23

Support spermatogenesis in responses to hormonal regulation of FSH and testosterone

Production of growth factors

Synthesis and secretion of proteins and enzymes

Phagocytosis of degenerating spermatogenic cells

Question 24

Name the 3 cell types in the interstitium

Answer 24

Leydig cells/interstitial cells
Peritubular myoid cells
Macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells

Question 25

Found in the interstitium Occur singly or in groups Under the control of Lutenizing hormone Synthesize and secrete the Testosterone and other non-steroid substances

Answer 25

Leydig cells

Question 26

Cause peristaltic waves of contraction that assists in secreting the spermatozoa into the ducts

Answer 26

Peritubular myoid cells

Question 27

The hormonal control of sperm production is under the regulation of the ?

Answer 27

Hypothalamo-pituitary- gonadal axis

Question 28

The hypothalamus secrete _____________ which signals the pituitary to secrete LH and FSH

Answer 28

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

Question 29

) LH secreted by the pituitary, reaches to the Leydig cells via blood and signals the Leydig cells to secrete __________?

Answer 29

Testosterone

Question 30

The FSH from the anterior pituitary signals the ___________ in the seminiferous tubules to produce proteins, enzymes, growth factors etc including ‘Androgen binding protein’. __________ use this protein as a receptor to bind to Testosterone.

Answer 30

Sertoli cells; Sertoli cells

Question 31

Once the sperm count is high and sufficient, the Sertoli cells secrete a hormone called ____________.

Answer 31

Inhibin

Question 32

Inhibin along with the already high levels of testosterone in the Blood, inhibits the ______________ and down regulates their functions. It is a negative feedback loop

Answer 32

anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

Question 33

Alternating simple cuboidal and ciliated columnar epithelial cells Surrounded by circular smooth muscle and loose connective tissue

Answer 33

Efferent ductules

Question 34

Absorb excess fluid from the seminiferous tubule, transport sperm to the epididymis

Answer 34

efferent ducutles

Question 35

Spermatozoa maturation and storage Occurs in the?

Answer 35

Epididymis

Question 36

Sperm take how long to pass through the epididymis?

Answer 36

2-4 weeks

Question 37

Pseudostratified epithelium is made of 2 cell types: 1) Columnar principal cells with stereocilia 2) Small round basal cells/ stem cells What tissue?

Answer 37

Epididymis epithelium

Question 38

~15cm long tortuous tubes -Mucosa is thrown into folds- looks like it is compartmentalized -Simple columnar OR Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 38

Seminal vesicles

Question 39

Size of a walnut, androgen dependent gland, secretes zinc, citric acid, prostaglandins, proteolytic enzymes

Answer 39

Prostate gland

Question 40

Paired round glands, aka Cowper glands Made of tubuloacinar secretory units, surrounded by smooth muscle Mainly consists of mucus acini made of simple columnar epithelium Coats/ lubricates urethra for the passage of the sperm (semen)

Answer 40

Bulbourethral gland

Question 41

By the time of ejaculation, spermatozoa have matured and acquired the property of motility; nevertheless, they remain incapable of fertilizing an ovum until after undergoing a process called _________ within the female genital tract.

Answer 41

capacitation

Question 42

Meiosis 1 begins in these cells, cell looks very blotchy, large cells, large nucleus, tightly packed thick chromatids clearly observed

Answer 42

Primary spermatocyte (PS)

Question 43

basal location, nucleus is evenly stained, comparatively smaller cells

Answer 43

Spermatogonia (SG)

Question 44

look distinctly elongated embedded in between the spermatogenic cells inside the tubule

Answer 44

Sertoli Cells

Question 45

they are elongated cells present surrounding the tubule along the periphery

Answer 45

Peritubular myoid cells (M)

Question 46

Temperature dependent No cell division is involved Early spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa

Answer 46

Spermiogenesis

Question 47

Testosterone and inhibin inhibit the secretion of GnRH by the ___________ and LH & FSH by the _______.

Answer 47

hypothalamus; pituitary

Question 47

Testosterone and inhibin inhibit the secretion of GnRH by the ___________ and LH & FSH by the _______.

Answer 47

hypothalamus; pituitary