male reproductive system

Question 1

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of hypospadias

Answer 1

the termination of the urethra is on the ventral surface of the penis

Question 2

explain the manifestations of hypospadias

Answer 2

urine coming out of area other than urethane opening of glans penis, UTIs, dyspareunia

Question 3

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of hypospadias

Answer 3

surgery and reroute

Question 4

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of epispadias

Answer 4

the opening of the urethra is on the dorsal surface of the penis

Question 5

explain the manifestations of epispadias

Answer 5

urine coming out of area other than urethral opening of glans penis, UTIs, dypareunia

Question 6

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of epispadias

Answer 6

surgery, reroute

Question 7

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunctions

Answer 7

persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection
many causes: vascular, neurological, hormonal, trauma, infection, drugs, etc

Question 8

explain the manifestations of erectile dysfunctions

Answer 8

inability to maintain an erection
inability to achieve an erection

Question 9

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of erectile dysfunctions

Answer 9

history and examination

treat the cause- therapy, medication, PDE5 inhibitors

Question 10

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of priapism

Answer 10

abnormally prolonged erection of the penis in the absence of stimulation
cause: viagra, sickle cell anemia

Question 11

explain the manifestations of priapism

Answer 11

prolonged erection of penis

Question 12

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of priapism

Answer 12

inspection

ice packs, aspiration of corpus cavernous, drugs to increase outflow of blood heparinized saline

Question 13

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of hydrocele

Answer 13

collection of serous fluid in scrotum due to congenital, injury, sti, lymph obstruction

Question 14

explain the manifestations of hydrocele

Answer 14

heavy sensation in groin, swelling

Question 15

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of hydrocele

Answer 15

palpation, ultrasound

observation, elevation, aspiration, surgery

Question 16

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of testicular torsion

Answer 16

twisting of the spermatic cord causing a loss of blood supply

Question 17

explain the manifestations of testicular torsion

Answer 17

sudden scrotal pain
erythema
swelling

Question 18

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of testicular torsion

Answer 18

based on symptoms and presentation-assurance of blood flow to testicle

surgery

Question 19

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of epididymitis

Answer 19

inflammation of the epididymis caused by infection, UTI, STI, trauma

Question 20

explain the manifestations of epididymitis

Answer 20

scrotal pain
chills
fever
discharge
dysuria
erythema

Question 21

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of epididymitis

Answer 21

labs, urine analysis, doppler ultrasound

elevation of scrotum, ice packs, antibiotics, pain meds, abstinence

Question 22

explain the manifestations of testicular cancer

Answer 22

painless swelling nodule or mass lesion of one testicle, heaviness, aching

rf: cryptorchidism, DES

Question 23

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of testicular cancer

Answer 23

TSE history, ultrasound, blood test, biopsy

surgery, orchiectomy, radiation, chemo, high cure rate

Question 24

explain the etiology and pathophysiology of benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 24

nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland

Question 25

explain the manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 25

nocturia, urgency, decreased stream

Question 26

explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 26

blood and urine analysis, PSA, digital rectum exam

lifestyle changes, avoiding caffeine, taking alpha 1a adrenergic receptor, transurethral prostatectomy, TURP, stents