Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What is the function of the testes?

Answer 1

Produce sperm and the make sex hormone, testoserone

Question 2

What are the functions of ducts in the male reproductive system?

Answer 2

Ducts transport, store and assist in maturation of sperm

Question 3

What is the function of accessory sex organs in the male reproductive system?

Answer 3

Secrete most of the liquid portion of semen

Question 4

The penis contains______ _________ a passageway for _________ of _______ and __________ of _________

Answer 4

The urethra

Ejaculation

Semen

Excretion

Urine

Question 5

What are the supporting structures of the male reproductive system and what are ther functions?

Answer 5

Penis- delivers sperm to the female reproductive system

Scrotum- supports the testes

Question 6

What are the 5 ducts thatbmake up the duct system?

Answer 6

Urethra

Epidydmis

Ductus deferens

Ejaculatiry duct

Efferent ductules

Question 7

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

Answer 7

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral gland

Question 8

What are the functions of Leydig cells and where are they located!

Answer 8

SECRETE TESTOSERONE

Are interstitial cells located between adjacent seminiferous tubules

Question 9

What are the functions of the Sertoli cells?

Answer 9

• Forms the BLOOD-TESTES barrier which isolates the developing gametes from the blood, thus PREVENTING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE against spermatogenic cell’s surface antigens which the immune system recognizes as foreign
• Secrete inhibin to inhibit FSH secretion
• Secrete androgen-binding protein which binds to testoserone to keeps its concentration high

Question 10

What are the types of spermatogenic cells?

Answer 10

Spermatogonia( 2n)/stem cells

Primary spermatocytes(2n, 4d)

Secondary spermatocytes (1n, 2d)

• Spermatids(1n, 1d)
• Spermatozoa(1n, 1d)

Question 11

What is the function of mitochondria in the middle piece of spermatozoa?

Answer 11

Mitochondria provide ATP for sperm motility

Question 12

What is the function of the end piece of the tail of spermatozoa?

Answer 12

End piece contains core of microtubules and dynein motor proteins

Question 13

What is the function of the acrosome of spermatozoa?

Answer 13

Vesicle contains enzymes required for penetration of the zona pellucida of the oocyte

Question 14

What is the nucleus of a spermatozoa comprised of?

Answer 14

23 condensed chromosomes(22, X or Y)

Question 15

Explain hormonal secretion of FSH

Answer 15

• Hypothalamus releases GnRH which stimulates gonadotrophs to release LH and FSH
• LH stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells
• FSH along with testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis
• testosterone binds to androgen receptors on spermatogenic cells while FSH binds to FSH receptors on spermatogenic cells
• Spermatogenic cells release androgen binding protein as well as inhibin.
• Inhibin decreases FSH release

Question 16

Explain testosterone release

Answer 16

• GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates gonadotrophs to release LH
• LH stimulates testosterone secretion from Leydig cells
• testosterone acts on spermatogenic cells to stimulate spermatogenesis or act as testosterone/ Duhydrotestosterone and complete a number of other functions?

Question 17

What are the functions of testoserone?

Answer 17

• Regulates the male pattern of birth
• Regulates the enlargement of male sex organs and expression of male secondary sex characteristics(starting at puberty)
• Anabolism (protein synthesis)

Question 18

Explain the negative feedback control of testosterone

Answer 18

• Increasing blood levels of testosterone inhibit. GnRH release in the hypothalamus
• this lowers LH in systemic blood, causing Leydig cells in Testes to secrete less testosterone
• decreased testosterone in blood causes a return to homeostasis

Question 19

Name the excurrent ducts

Answer 19

1. Efferent ducts
2. Epididymis
3. Ductus deferens
4. Ejaculatory ducts

Question 20

Name the intratesticular ducts

Answer 20

Seminiferous tubules

Straight tubules

Rete testis

Question 21

What are the seminiferous epithelium made up of?

Answer 21

Seminiferous epithelium

Question 22

Where are the straight tubule(tubuli recti)?

Answer 22

These are the short terminal portion of the seminiferous tubule

Question 23

What do the straight tubules contain?

Answer 23

Contain Sertoli cells changing to simple cuboidal

Question 24

What are the efferent ducts made of?

Answer 24

Pseudostratifidd columnar epithelium

Question 25

Name the parts of the epidydymis

Answer 25

Head, body and tail

Question 26

What is the epididymis comprised of?

Answer 26

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 27

What is the Vas/Ductus deferens made up of?

Answer 27

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 28

What are the ejaculatory ducts made up of?

Answer 28

Union of the duct of seminal vehicle and ampulla of ductus deferens

Question 29

What is the rete testis? What is it made of?

Answer 29

Network of channels and an inter testicular duct Made of simple cuboidal to low columnar

Question 30

What is the length of development of a normal sperm?

Answer 30

65-75 days

Question 31

What are the functions of the seminal vesicles?

Answer 31

- Secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid, fructose - this allows ATP production by sperm(motility) - this secretion includes prostaglandins and clotting responses - Produces about 60% of volume of semen

Question 32

What are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 32

Paired glands posterior to bladder | - duct joins ampulla of ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct

Question 33

What are the functions of the prostate glands?

Answer 33

Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid into the prostatic urethra - Citric acid for ATP production - proteolytic enzymes such as prostate specific antigen(PSA) - Acid phosphate - Seminaplasmin which is an antibiotic

Question 34

How much of semen by volume is produced by the prostate?

Answer 34

25%

Question 35

How much of semen by volume is produced by the seminal vesicles?

Answer 35

60%

Question 36

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

Answer 36

Secretes clear, mucus-like fluid into the urethra

Question 37

Describe the bulbourethral glands

Answer 37

Paired glands inferior to prostate on either side of the membranous urethra

Question 38

Describe benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 38

- Enlarged prostate gland(not cancerous) | - numerous nodules compress the prostatic urethra

Question 39

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy(BPH) is relatively....

Answer 39

Common in men by age 80

Question 40

What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 40

Numerous nodules compress the prostatic urethra - weak urination - difficulty starting and stopping urination - urgency or feeling to urinate - frequency to urinate

Question 41

Prostate cancer is the ....

Answer 41

6th leading cause in cancer deaths in men worldwide

Question 42

What are the risk factors of prostate cancer?

Answer 42

Age: rare in men below 40 years - Positive family history Race: Risk is highest in Afro-Caribbean men and Afro-American men Risk is intermediate among whites but lowest among Asians

Question 43

Describe prostate cancer in the early stages

Answer 43

Asymptomatic in early stages

Question 44

Describe the clinical presentation of prostate cancer

Answer 44

- Asymptomatic in early stages - when symptomatic, symptoms include: Poor urinary system Straining with mictruition Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying Terminal dribbling Symptoms of distant spread(metastasis)

Question 45

What causes erectile dysfunction in most cases?

Answer 45

Insufficient release of NO which relaxes the smooth muscles of the penile arterioles and erectile tissue

Question 46

How does viagra enhance smooth muscle contraction?

Answer 46

Increase of NO release

Question 47

How do parasympathetic fibers play a role in erection (point and shot)?

Answer 47

They initiate and maintain the erection via release of NO to relay smooth muscle of arterioles to relax Blood vessels dilate,, Einstein are compressed to block blood flow

Question 48

How do sympathetic fibers assist in erection and ejaculation? (Point and shoot)

Answer 48

Release of semen Peristaltic contractions propel semen into the penile(spongy) urethra Contraction of smooth muscle Decrease blood flow Decrease blood pressure Veins open and drain blood