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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous fibromuscular sac containing the testes and lower parts of spermatic cords

A

Scrotum

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2
Q

Hangs below pubic symphysis, between anteromedial aspect of thighs

A

Scrotum

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3
Q

Scrotum is divided into R and L sides by?

A

Raphe

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4
Q

Describe skin of scrotum

A
  • thin
  • pigmented
  • w thinly scattered crisp hairs (w sebaceous & sweat glands, pigmented cells, nerve endings)
  • ko subcutaneous adipose tissue
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5
Q

Responds to mechanical stimulation of hairs and skin to various temperature

A

Nerve endings in scrotum

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6
Q

Muscles found in scrotum

A

Dartos

Cremasteric

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7
Q

Contracts the scrotal skin in response to cold

A

Dartos

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8
Q

Retracts the testes towards the abdomen

A

Cremasteric

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9
Q

Scrotum blood supply

A
  • external pudendal branches of femoral artery
  • scrotal branches of internal pudendal artery
  • cremasteric branch from inferior epigastric artery
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10
Q

Scrotum nerves

A
  • Ilio-inguinal and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  • Posterior scrotal branches of perineal nerve
  • Perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
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11
Q

ABDOMINAL LAYER

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia
External oblique aponeurosis
Internal oblique aponeurosis
Transversalis fascia (not the muscle)
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12
Q

SPERMATIC CORD LAYER

A

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

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13
Q

SCROTAL LAYER

A 
Skin
Dartos muscle
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
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14
Q

Ellipsoidal

4-5 cm length
2.5 cm breadth
3 cm anteroposterior

Wt: 10.5-14g

A

Testis

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14
Q

Ellipsoidal

4-5 cm length
2.5 cm breadth
3 cm anteroposterior

Wt: 10.5-14g

A

Testis

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15
Q

Suspended in the scrotum by scrotal tissues (non striated dartos and spermatic cords)

L is abt 1cm than R

A

Testis

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16
Q

Testis 3 coats

A

(1) tunica vaginalis
(2) t. albuginea
(3) t. vasculosa

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17
Q

Internal testis

A

Dominated by lobules w 1-4 convoluted seminiferous tubules each

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18
Q

Testis loose CT contains?

A

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

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19
Q

Endocrine component of testis secreting testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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20
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined by?

A

Complex stratified epi containing spermatogenic cells and supporting cells (sertoli)

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20
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined by?

A

Complex stratified epi containing spermatogenic cells and supporting cells (sertoli)

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21
Q

What produces Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS)?

A

Fetal sertoli cells

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22
Q

What prevents development of female internal genitalia by causing mullerian dust to regress?

A

Fetal sertoli cells

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23
Q

Testis blood supply

A

1Internal spermatic or testicular artery from aorta

2Cebtripetal branches (towards rete testes) or centrifugal arterioles in interstitial tissue between seminiferous tubules

3Intertubular cap

4Peritubular cap

5(toward t. albuginea) centrifugal veins or (toward rete testes) centripetal veins

6Pampiniform plexus of veins

7Internal spermatic vein

8Inferior vena cava (R) or left renal vein (L)

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24
Q

What plays a role in maintaining temperature of testes?

A

Pampiniform plexus

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25
Q

What is composed of dd, spermatic artery, nerves, pampini plex and autonomic nerves?

A

Spermatic cord

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26
Q

Distal cont of epididymis

Fxn: transport of sperm from epi to ejac ducts

Lined by: low columnar epi w 3 musc layers that propel sperm along its 40cm length

Palpable in scrotum (sterilization w minimal incision)

Bld supply: artery from superior vesical artery

A

Ductus deferens or vas def

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27
Q

Formed by union of duct of the seminal vesicle w a deferent duct

2 cm in length

Lined by: columnar epithelium

A

Ejaculatory ducts

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28
Q

Highly convoluted organ about 7.5cm long

Running along posterior surface of testis from its upper and lower plate

A

Epididymis

29
Q

3 regions of epididymis

A

Caput (head) upper pole of testes
Corpus (body)
Cauda (tail) lower pole

30
Q

Site of accumulation, maturation and storage of spermatozoa

Lined by pseudostratified columnar cells

A

Epididymis

31
Q

Sacculated contorted tubes
Above prostate, between bladder and rectum
5cm long

Duct of seminal vesicles joins dd at ampulla behind the prostate to form the ejaculatory duct that passes forward into pg

A

Seminal vesicles

32
Q

Role in human fertility, maturation, motility and immunosuppressive action of female genital tract

A

Seminal vesicles

33
Q

Secretion contains: fructose and citric acid also prostaglandins

A

SV

34
Q

Aid fertilization by reacting w female cervical mucus to make it more receptive to sperm movement and causing backward, reverse peristaltic contractions in uterus and fallopian to move ejac sperm to ovaries

A

SV

35
Q

Seminal Vesicles are lined by

A

Columnar epi w goblet cells in diverticula

36
Q

Partly glandular, partly fibromuscular
Surrounding the beginning of urethra at the base of bladder

Posterior surface palpable by rectal exam

Reg and firm w a midline groove

A

Prostate

37
Q

Secretes seminal fluid (contains ca, ph, clotting enz, profibrinolysin) slightly alkaline

A

Prostate

38
Q

Has 3 concentric rings of glands surrounded by smooth muscle and fibrous capsule
Smooth muscle contracts during ejac of squeeze prostatic sec into urethra

A

Prostate

39
Q

Blood supply of prostate

A

Internal pudendal
Inferior vesical
Middle rectal arteries

40
Q

Penis: Radix or root attached to

A

Perineum

41
Q

Sensitive distal end of the body that includes external opening of urethra

A

Glans

42
Q

Penis 3 cylinder of erectile tissue

A

2 corpora cavernosa

Corpus spongiosum

43
Q

Form the dorsum and sides of penis

Form crura that support the erect penis in the root

A

2 corpora cavernosa

44
Q

Single cylinder found on the ventral surface
Surrounds the spongy urethra

Forms glans
Called bulb at the root

A

Corpus spongiosum

45
Q

Penis blood supply

A

Deep arteries of penis (c. cavernosa)

Branches of dorsal penile arteries

46
Q

Penis venous drainage

A

Deep dorsal vein

47
Q

Penis nerves

A

2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral spinal segments via the pudendal nerve and pelvic plexuses

48
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY

1 Testis

2 Scrotum

3 Prostate

4 Penis

A

1 Testicular art from aorta via spermatic cord

2 Pudendal art

3 Vesicular and rectal branches of internal iliac art

4 Internal pudendal art

49
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE

1 Testis

2 Scrotum

3 Prostate

4 Penis

A

1 Pampini wc forms testicular veins; L drains to left renal vein R drains to inferior VC

2 Scrotal veins

3 Prostatic venous plexus drains into internal iliac veins

4 Venous plexus (joins Prostatic venous plexus)

50
Q

INNERVATION

1 Testis

2 Scrotum

3 Prostate

4 Penis

A

1 Sympa sphlancnic nerv

2 Branches genitofemoral, inguinal and pudendal nerv

3 Parasympa via sphlancnic nerv and sympa from inferior hypogastric plexus

4 Branches of pudendal nerv

51
Q

LYMPH ATIC DRAINAGE

1 Testis

2 Scrotum

3 Prostate

4 Penis

A

1 Para-aortic LN

2 Superficial inguinal LN

3 Internal iliac and sacral LN

4 Superficial inguinal LN

52
Q

Process by wc primary spermatocytes undergo cell div to form haploid gametes

A

Meiosis

1st: 2 haploid
2nd: 4 hap spermatids

53
Q

Provide nutrients, remove waste
Phagocytose excess cytoplasm or poor dev spermatids
Blood testes Barrier - tight jxn
Produce androgen-binding CHON to raise local androgen conc

A

Sertoli cells

54
Q

Process: haploid spermatids dev to mature spermatozoa

A

Spermatogenesis

55
Q

Takes how many days to release sperm to seminiferous tubules

A

74 days

56
Q

Where does sperm pass for further maturation making sperm motile and capable of fertilization?

A

Epididymis

57
Q

Epididymis contracts during orgasm to

A

Transport sperm to dd

58
Q

New cycle of spermatogenesis starts every

A

16 days

Lasts 74 days

59
Q

Head is to acrosome

Lysosome

A

Tail is to axoneme

Centriole

60
Q

Normal semen acc to WHO

A

1.5mL vol
Conc: 15million/mL or more

Count: 39 million/ejaculate

Motility: 40% or more

Morphology: 4% N or more

WBC less than 1 million leuk/mL

pH 7.2-7.8

61
Q

Testes secrete 95% of male sex steroid called androgens

A

Adrenal secrete remaining 5%

62
Q

Synthesis of testosterone in leydig cells

A

CHOL –> pregnenolone –> 17a-OH preg –> DHEA –> androstenediol

Progesterone –> 17a prog –> androsteredione –> testosterone

63
Q

1 bind to androgen receptors
2 conv to dihydrotestosterone wx also binds to androgen
3 conv to estradiol wc binds to estrogen receptor

A

Effects of testosterone

64
Q

Penile erection

Lubrication

A

Parasympa

65
Q

Emission and ejac

A

Sympathetic

66
Q

Sympa impulses leave cord at

A

T12 to L2

Thru hypogastric and pelvic sympa nerve plexus to initiate emission (the forerunner of ejaculation)

67
Q

Emission begins with

A

Contraction of vas def and ampulla to cause expulsion of sperm to internal urethra

68
Q

Order of contraction

A

Vas def
Muscular coat of prostate g
SV

69
Q

With arousal what happens to the vagina?

A

Lengthens
Distends
Dilates

70
Q

Arousal phase mediated by

A

Parasympathetic NS

71
Q

Orgasm phase mediated by

A

Sympathetic NS

72
Q

Reflex rhythmic contractions

A

3-20 0.8/second

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (8 decks)

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