Malignancy Language Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in number of cells
What stimulates hyperplasia?
- hormonal
- mechanical stress
What is the growth stimulus in endometrial hyperplasia?
oestrogen (can be from subcutaneous fat)
What cells undergo hyperplasia in hyperplasia in the testis?
Leydig cells
What are three causes of physiological hyperplasia?
- menopause
- puberty
- pregnancy
What is hypertrophy?
Increase in size of cells due to more organelles
What is a cause of pathological hypertrophy?
Left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension
What is atrophy?
Loss of size and/or number of cells due to loss of stimulus
What is metaplasia?
Reversible change from one mature cell type to another
What usually causes metaplasia?
Injury
What is an example of metaplasia?
Barrett’s oesophagus
What is neoplasia?
New growth without a stimulus
What is dysplasia?
disorderly growth of cells?
What is squamous papilloma?
Benign neoplastic growths with no malignant potential
What is squamous dysplasia?
Abnormal growth that is technically benign but is pre-malignant
What makes squamous dysplasia still benign?
- no invasion
- no metastatic potential
What does carcinoma in-situ mean?
Potential to become malignant
What is malignancy?
autonomous growth that invades other tissue and has metastatic potential
What does stellate mean?
Star-like, scattered- like
What are white chalky flecks in pathological examination of acute pancreatitis?
Fat necrosis
What is pleomorphism?
Variations in shapes and sizes
What does tripolar mitoses signify?
Can signify malignancy
What do signet ring cancer cells produce?
Mucin
What is histological sign of adenocarcinoma?
signet rings
