Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Breast > Malignant and Premalignant lesions > Flashcards

Malignant and Premalignant lesions Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Workup of bloody nipple discharge

A

women under 30 - ultrasound +/- mammo
women over 30 - ultrasound and mammo

if initially imaging is negative proceed with MRI and/or ductogram or reimage and reexamine in 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What stage is inflammatory breast cancer

A

at least stage IIIa, or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathologic features of infiltrating lobular carcinoma

A

hormone receptor positive, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative; lacks cadherin expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bilateral breast pain and green nipple discharge in young female

A

fibrocystic breast disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Z11 trial inclusion criteria

A
  1. clinically node negative
  2. no greater than 2 positive nodes and no extranodal extension after lumpectomy and total breast radiation
  3. T1 or T2 tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

surveillance regimen for patients with ADH or LCIS

A

clinical exam every 6-12 months plus annual digital mammography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Work up of new breast mass during pregnancy

A

start initially with ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you stage the axilla for breast cancer during pregnancy?

A

technetium 99 is safe

methylene blue dye is contraindicated during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Benefits of radiotherapy after BCT for DCIS

A

decreases local recurrence but NO survival benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

autologous breast reconstruction after radiation has ____ complications and failure than implant reconstruction

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

indications for surgical evaluation of bloody nipple discharge

A
  1. there is an associated mass
  2. there are imaging findings
  3. uniductal and unilateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

true or false. practice guidelines recommend biopsy for all BIRADS 4 & 5 lesions

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the standard of care for treatment of inflammatory breast cancer?

A

induction chemo followed by surgical resection (MRM) and then radiation to prevent locoregional recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

true or false. there is a role for BCT in inflammatory breast cancer

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

risk factors for locoregional recurrence in breast cancer:

A

4 or more positive axillary lymph nodes
primary tumor >5cm in size
T4 disease
positive or very close margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

true or false. post-mastectomy radiation should be considered for patients at high risk for locoregional recurrence

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of reconstuction should be recommended for patients requiring post mastectomy radiation?

A

autologous reconstruction - better complication rates than implant based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BRCA 1 is characterized by _____ tumor grade and cell proliferation.

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BRCA 2 is characterized by _____ tumor grade and cell proliferation.

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BRCA 1 has a ____ frequency of hormone receptor positive tumors (triple positive)

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BRCA 2 has a ____ frequency of hormone receptor positive tumors.

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

BRCA ___ has a higher occurrence of medullary thyroid cancer.

A

BRCA 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

BRCA ___ has a higher occurence of tubulolobular invasive carcinoma and invasive cribriform cancer.

A

BRCA 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

breast and ovarian cancer screening regimen recommended for BRCA positive women:

A

annual breast MRI starting at age 25
clinical exam every 6-12 months starting at 25
annual breast mammography starting at age 30
annual ovarian cancer screening with tumor markers and transvaginal US starting at age 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, and invasive lobular cancer have reduced or absent expression of what protein?
E cadherin
26
true or false. ADH and ALH occur with equal frequency and confer similar risks of later breast cancer
true
27
which BRCA subtype is associated with a higher risk of male breast cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer
BRCA 2
28
what drug improves survival for men with ER+ breast cancer
tamoxifen
29
most common cause of familial breast cancer
BRCA 2
30
true or false. re-excision is not required for presence of DCIS at margin
false
31
true or false. DCIS is usually unilateral
true
32
true or false. re-excision is not required for presence of LCIS at margin
true
33
true or false. LCIS is often bilateral and multicentric
true
34
true or false. atypical ductal hyperplasia increases the risk of breast cancer 3-5 fold in both breasts
true
35
when can chemo be given during pregnancy
second and third trimesters; never first
36
when can radiation be given during pregnancy
never
37
treatment of breast cancer in first trimester:
modified radical mastectomy; no chemo until second trimester
38
treatment of breast cancer in early second trimester:
modified radical mastectomy plus select chemo
39
treatment of breast cancer in late second and third trimesters:
lumpectomy with SLNB, chemo, and then radiation after delivery
40
most important prognostic factor after treatment for breast cancer
axillary node status
41
protein kinase involved in DNA damage repair and apoptosis; associated with breast, colorectal, and bladder cancer
CHEK2
42
treatment of malignant phyllodes:
excise with 1 cm margin; radiation recommended after lumpectomy if margin is less than 1 cm or if post mastectomy there is concern for close margins, fascial/chest wall involvement, or a tumor that was >5cm
43
true or false. bloody nipple discharge from a single duct is considered pathologic
true
44
management of bloody nipple discharge in women under 30
ultrasound
45
management of bloody nipple discharge in women over 30
dx mammo + ultrasound
46
if no etiology is identified for uniductal bloody nipple discharge on mammography or ultrasound, further evaluation should be performed with what?
MRI breast or ductography
47
genetic testing for breast cancer is indicated for which patients?
any male breast cancer; 3 first degree relatives over 2 generations
48
pleomorphic calcifications on mammography are suspicious for ____
DCIS
49
benign breast lesion fall into three categorise which are
nonproliferative (no increased risk of breast cancer) proliferative (1.5-2.0 relative risk of breast cancer) proliferative with atypica (4.5-5.0 relative risk of breast cx)
50
examples of nonproliferative lesions:
microcysts, macrocysts, duct ectasia, simple fibroadenoma, mastitis, squamous or apocrine metaplasia, mild hyperplasia
51
examples of proliferative lesions:
papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, complex fibroadenoma, moderate to severe hyperplasia
52
examples of proliferative lesions with atypia:
atypical ductal hyperplasia; atypical lobular hyperplasia
53
BIRADS category: nondiagnostic
BIRADS 0
54
BIRADS category: no pathology
BIRADS 1
55
BIRADS category: probably benign, short term FU every 6 months recommended
BIRADS 3
56
BIRADS category: benign
BIRADS 2
57
BIRADS category: suspicious for malignancy; needs bx
BIRADS 4
58
BIRADS category: highly suggestive of malignancy; needs bx
BIRADS 5
59
BIRADS category: known cancer
BIRADS 6
60
most aggressive type of LCIS; all margins of excisional bx need to be negative as this subtype behaves more like DCIS
pleomorphic LCIS
61
true or false. nonpleomorphic LCIS needs excision to negative margins
false
62
follow up for ADH or LCIS:
clinical exam every 6-12 months with annual digital mammography
63
recommended margin for DCIS
2mm
64
recommended margin for invasive breast cancer
no ink on tumor
65
what is breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma:
rare complication of implant based recon; presents years after implant; dx by needle aspiration of peri-implant seroma with fluid cytologic and pathologic eval
66
contraindications to nipple sparing mastectomy:
tumors that extend to the nipple microcalcifications close to the subareolar region nipple retraction
67
findings of punch biopsy for inflammatory breast cancer:
dermal lymphovascular tumor emboli
68
What is breast conservation therapy?
removal of primary tumor with surrounding margin of normal tissue followed by whole-breast irradiation
69
Treatment of inflammatory breast cancer:
anthracycline based neoadjuvant chemo, MRM, postop radiation
70
Most common location of accessory breast tissue
axilla
71
Management of biopsy proven LCIS:
lumpectomy to evaluate adjacent breast tissue not sampled on core biopsy followed by tamoxifen (premenopausal) or raloxifene (postmenopausal); annual mammogram
72
Margin of excision for phyllodes tumors:
1 cm
73
What imaging is recommended after occult axillary breast cancer is identified
breast MRI
74
In patients with suspicious lymph nodes, if ultrasound guided aspiration confirms malignancy _____
axillary lymph node dissection is indicated
75
True or false. For patients over the age of 70 with node negative breast cancer, adjuvant radiation showed no improvement in overall survival
True
76
True or false. Mammography is a requirement before breast reduction surgery
False
77
Workup of patient suspected of having inflammatory breast cancer?
mammography and ultrasound
78
True or false. full thickness skin biopsy is needed to confirm diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer .
false
79
3D mammography for patients with dense breasts at high risk for cancer.
digital breast tomosynthesis
80
Risk factors for recurrence of DCIS after excision:
presence of comedo necrosis, margin positive, high nuclear grade, poor architecture, tumor size >1 cm, and initial detect by palpation
81
What adjuvant therapy is recommended for women with triple negative breast cancer before age 60 with BRCA?
olaparib

Breast (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions