Malnutrition Flashcards
(41 cards)
Are vitamins synthesised by the body?
No
Name the fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
How do you assess for nutrition?
BMI, mid-arm circumference (muscle mass), skin-fold thickness (body fat).
What do gastric parietal cells produce?
H+ and IF
What do gastric chief cells produce?
Pepsinogen
What is the function of secretin?
To stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
What is the function of CCK?
Stimulates pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction, regulates gastric emptying and induction of satiety.
Does histamine stimulate or inhibit gastric acid secretion?
Stimulates
Where is bile produced?
Liver
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
What is the function of bile?
Emulsifies fats and excretes wastes.
Where does most digestion and absorption take place?
Jejunum
Where is B12-IF absorbed?
Terminal ileum.
What is the function of IF?
Vitamin B12 absorption.
Where are bile acids reabsorbed into circulation?
Ileum
What are the different methods for delivering nutritional support?
Enteral: oral, tube feeding.
Parenteral: IV.
Why is enteral feeding preferred over parenteral?
Because parenteral feeding atrophies the intestinal epithelium, increasing the risk of sepsis due to bacterial translocation.
Which tubes are used for tube feeding?
Nasogastric tube or nasojejunal tube.
What are the complications of tube feeding?
Inversion of tube into lungs, aspiration, nasal erosion, refeeding syndrome.
What are the routes for parenteral feeding?
Peripheral cannula, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line), central venous catheter.
What are the complications from parenteral feeding?
Risks of central venous catheter insertion, infection, blockage, VT, fatty liver disease.
What is Kwashiorkor?
Type of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) caused by lack of protein. Symptoms include: muscle wasting, ascites, ankle oedema.
What is Marasmus?
Type of PEM, caused by an overall lack of calories.
What does iron deficiency result in?
Microcytic anaemia.
