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Wildlife Biology (Mammals/Ecology) FINAL > Mammals Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Mammals Quiz 7 Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

Distinguishing Characteristics of Mammals

A

-pelage
-diaphragm
-3 inner ear bones
-7 cervical vertebre (neck bones) some exceptions
-mammary glands that produce milk
These are distinguishing traits

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2
Q

Order Monotremata

A

Platypus (duck billed) / Echidna (spiny anteaters)

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3
Q

Order Monotremata

Platypus and Echidna

A
  • very reptilian
  • cloaca -no teats
  • locomotion (legs of to sides not under body)
  • lay eggs (oviparous)
  • no verbose (whiskers)
  • males have venomous spurs on ankles
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4
Q

Order Marsupial

A

Kangaroos, Koalas, Wombats, Tasmanian Devil, Wallaby , Opossum

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5
Q

Order Marsupial

Kangaroos, Koalas, Wombats, Tasmanian Devil, Wallaby, Opossum

A
  • america and australia
  • short gestation (pregnancy period)
  • young born underdeveloped
  • young developed in marsupium (pouch)
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6
Q

Order Soricomorphia

A

Shrews and Moles

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7
Q

Order Soricomorphia

Shrews and Moles

A
  • most primitive, placental mammals
  • plantigrade: plant heel on ground while walking
  • smallest known mammals
  • uniform pelage type and length
  • fossorial: live underground
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8
Q

Order Chiroptera

A

(hand wing)

Western Pipistrelle, Vampire Bats, Little Brown Bats

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9
Q

Order Chiroptera

Bats

A
  • 2nd largest order
  • only flying mammals
  • hand attached to wing has clawed thumb
  • echolocation
  • keeled sternum
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10
Q

Order Lagomorpha

A

Rabbit, Hare, Others

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11
Q

Order Lagomorpha

Rabbit, Hare, Others

A
  • 4 upper incisors and 2 lower teeth
  • incisors grow throughout lifetime
  • no canine teeth
  • digitigrade: walk on front of toes, heel doesn’t touch ground
  • Hares: precocial young (sighted, walking, eating)
  • Rabbit/Pika: altricial young (naked, blind, helpless)
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12
Q

Order Rodentia

A

Rodents

Squirrels, Marmots, Woodchucks

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13
Q

Order Rodentia
Rodents
Squirrels, Marmots, Woodchucks

A
  • largest order
  • 2 upper / 2 lower incisors, grow throughout lifetime
  • plant eaters
  • many families of rodent species
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14
Q

Order Rodentia

Gopher Family

A
  • external fur-lined cheeks
  • incisors always exposed
  • large front claws
  • fossorial
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15
Q

Order Cetacea

A

Whales (Dolphins are whales)

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16
Q

Order Cetacea

Whales (Dolphins are whales)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • strictly aquatic
  • flippers (pectoral fins)
  • fusiform (stream line body)
  • blubber -blow hole
  • homodont teeth (all same look and function
17
Q

Sub Order Tooth Whales

Study These Flashcards
A

Killer Whales, Dolphins, Narwhals, Sperm Whales

  • travel in pods
  • echolocation
18
Q

Sub Order Baleen Whales

Study These Flashcards
A

Great Whales, Humpback, Blue Whales, CA Grey Whale

  • no teeth, but keratin bristles
  • filter food through their bristles
19
Q

Order Carnivora

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A

Bears, Dogs, Weasels, Cats

  • wide variety of diets
  • well furred
  • curved claws
  • long canine teeth
  • prominent ears
20
Q

Order Carnivora

Pinnipeds

Study These Flashcards
A

(feather-foot)

  • specialized for aquatic life
  • flippers
  • short fur
  • blubber
  • come onto land to breed, sun bathe, give birth, sleep
21
Q

Order Carnivora

Sea Lion

Study These Flashcards
A
  • outer ear flap
  • long front flippers (half fur covered half bald)
  • can hold up body weight on back flippers
22
Q

Order Carnivora

Seals

Study These Flashcards
A
  • no outer ear flap
  • flippers cannot hold body off the ground
  • claws on front flippers
  • flippers are completely covered in fur
23
Q

Order Carnivora

Walruses

Study These Flashcards
A
  • live in cold arctic ocean (North Pole, Greenland)

- extremely long upper tusks, science not sure of purpose

24
Q

Order Perissodactyla

Study These Flashcards
A

Horses, Rhino, Tapir (1 or 3 toes)

25
Order Perissodactlya | Horses, Rhino, Tapir (hooved)
- odd toes (1 or 3 toes) - herbivores - unguligrade: walk on toenails (hooves)
26
Order Artiodactyla
Pigs Hippos (2 or 4 toes)
27
Order Artiodactyla | Pigs, Hippos
- even toed either 2 or 4 - simple stomach - herbivores - unguligrade: walk on toenails (hooves)
28
Order Artiodactyla | Subphylum Ruminants
(cud chewers) -regurgitate food as cud -complicated stomach -no canines, rarely find upper incisors either -many have antlers or horns (goat, sheep, deer, bison, elk, moose) Order Artiodactyla
29
Order Primates
- arboreal (tree living) - secondary terrestrials (tree/land living) - plantigrade - flat nails not claws - large brain-cases relative to size - opposable thumbs
30
Order Primates
Humans, Baboons, Apes, Chimps, Orangutans
31
Body Characteristics of Mammals
- Homeotherms can maintain and cool/heat body - 100°F - many glands (ie sweat) - 4 chambered heart - large brain for body size
32
Torpor
Ex: Bears - like hibernation but not completely - can lower body temp - slightly lower heart rate when resting to conserve energy - do not urinate/defecate
33
Hibernation
- sleep during winter months to conserve energy by nit getting up for long periods of time - small/medium sized mammals - lower body temp to environment temp - significantly lower heart/breathing rates - feed/urinate/and defecate only a few times thru winter
34
Estivation
hibernation but during summer months | -ie Hedgehogs
35
Mammal Teeth
- heterodont (all diff shapes and functions) | - incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
36
Dental Formula of Mammals
Incisors up/low + Canines up/low + Premolars up/low + Molars up/low X 2 = cross section upper number over lower number, add up all numbers individually (not like a fraction) then multiply by 2 or you can take out Premolars and Molars and use CK (cheek teeth) and use same formula
37
Types of Mammal Pelage
- Guard: longest, thickest, coarsest - Vibrisse: specialized guard hairs (Whiskers) - Awn: smaller in between guard hairs - Down: thin, fluffy grows against skin (sheds in summer)
38
Coloration in Mammals
- melanin: coloration of guard hairs - melanistic: dark, 'over coloration' - albino: no melanin
39
Molting
-shed all fur to change coloration | Snowshoe Hare brown in summer, snowy white in winter

Wildlife Biology (Mammals/Ecology) FINAL (4 decks)

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