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Wildlife Biology (Mammals/Ecology) FINAL > Mammals Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Mammals Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Distinguishing Characteristics of Mammals

A

-pelage
-diaphragm
-3 inner ear bones
-7 cervical vertebre (neck bones) some exceptions
-mammary glands that produce milk
These are distinguishing traits

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2
Q

Order Monotremata

A

Platypus (duck billed) / Echidna (spiny anteaters)

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3
Q

Order Monotremata

Platypus and Echidna

A
  • very reptilian
  • cloaca -no teats
  • locomotion (legs of to sides not under body)
  • lay eggs (oviparous)
  • no verbose (whiskers)
  • males have venomous spurs on ankles
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4
Q

Order Marsupial

A

Kangaroos, Koalas, Wombats, Tasmanian Devil, Wallaby , Opossum

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5
Q

Order Marsupial

Kangaroos, Koalas, Wombats, Tasmanian Devil, Wallaby, Opossum

A
  • america and australia
  • short gestation (pregnancy period)
  • young born underdeveloped
  • young developed in marsupium (pouch)
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6
Q

Order Soricomorphia

A

Shrews and Moles

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7
Q

Order Soricomorphia

Shrews and Moles

A
  • most primitive, placental mammals
  • plantigrade: plant heel on ground while walking
  • smallest known mammals
  • uniform pelage type and length
  • fossorial: live underground
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8
Q

Order Chiroptera

A

(hand wing)

Western Pipistrelle, Vampire Bats, Little Brown Bats

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9
Q

Order Chiroptera

Bats

A
  • 2nd largest order
  • only flying mammals
  • hand attached to wing has clawed thumb
  • echolocation
  • keeled sternum
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10
Q

Order Lagomorpha

A

Rabbit, Hare, Others

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11
Q

Order Lagomorpha

Rabbit, Hare, Others

A
  • 4 upper incisors and 2 lower teeth
  • incisors grow throughout lifetime
  • no canine teeth
  • digitigrade: walk on front of toes, heel doesn’t touch ground
  • Hares: precocial young (sighted, walking, eating)
  • Rabbit/Pika: altricial young (naked, blind, helpless)
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12
Q

Order Rodentia

A

Rodents

Squirrels, Marmots, Woodchucks

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13
Q

Order Rodentia
Rodents
Squirrels, Marmots, Woodchucks

A
  • largest order
  • 2 upper / 2 lower incisors, grow throughout lifetime
  • plant eaters
  • many families of rodent species
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14
Q

Order Rodentia

Gopher Family

A
  • external fur-lined cheeks
  • incisors always exposed
  • large front claws
  • fossorial
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15
Q

Order Cetacea

A

Whales (Dolphins are whales)

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16
Q

Order Cetacea

Whales (Dolphins are whales)

A
  • strictly aquatic
  • flippers (pectoral fins)
  • fusiform (stream line body)
  • blubber -blow hole
  • homodont teeth (all same look and function
17
Q

Sub Order Tooth Whales

A

Killer Whales, Dolphins, Narwhals, Sperm Whales

  • travel in pods
  • echolocation
18
Q

Sub Order Baleen Whales

A

Great Whales, Humpback, Blue Whales, CA Grey Whale

  • no teeth, but keratin bristles
  • filter food through their bristles
19
Q

Order Carnivora

A

Bears, Dogs, Weasels, Cats

  • wide variety of diets
  • well furred
  • curved claws
  • long canine teeth
  • prominent ears
20
Q

Order Carnivora

Pinnipeds

A

(feather-foot)

  • specialized for aquatic life
  • flippers
  • short fur
  • blubber
  • come onto land to breed, sun bathe, give birth, sleep
21
Q

Order Carnivora

Sea Lion

A
  • outer ear flap
  • long front flippers (half fur covered half bald)
  • can hold up body weight on back flippers
22
Q

Order Carnivora

Seals

A
  • no outer ear flap
  • flippers cannot hold body off the ground
  • claws on front flippers
  • flippers are completely covered in fur
23
Q

Order Carnivora

Walruses

A
  • live in cold arctic ocean (North Pole, Greenland)

- extremely long upper tusks, science not sure of purpose

24
Q

Order Perissodactyla

A

Horses, Rhino, Tapir (1 or 3 toes)

25
Q

Order Perissodactlya

Horses, Rhino, Tapir (hooved)

A
  • odd toes (1 or 3 toes)
  • herbivores
  • unguligrade: walk on toenails (hooves)
26
Q

Order Artiodactyla

A

Pigs Hippos (2 or 4 toes)

27
Q

Order Artiodactyla

Pigs, Hippos

A
  • even toed either 2 or 4
  • simple stomach
  • herbivores
  • unguligrade: walk on toenails (hooves)
28
Q

Order Artiodactyla

Subphylum Ruminants

A

(cud chewers)
-regurgitate food as cud
-complicated stomach
-no canines, rarely find upper incisors either
-many have antlers or horns
(goat, sheep, deer, bison, elk, moose) Order Artiodactyla

29
Q

Order Primates

A
  • arboreal (tree living)
  • secondary terrestrials (tree/land living)
  • plantigrade
  • flat nails not claws
  • large brain-cases relative to size
  • opposable thumbs
30
Q

Order Primates

A

Humans, Baboons, Apes, Chimps, Orangutans

31
Q

Body Characteristics of Mammals

A
  • Homeotherms can maintain and cool/heat body
  • 100°F
  • many glands (ie sweat)
  • 4 chambered heart
  • large brain for body size
32
Q

Torpor

A

Ex: Bears

  • like hibernation but not completely
  • can lower body temp
  • slightly lower heart rate when resting to conserve energy
  • do not urinate/defecate
33
Q

Hibernation

A
  • sleep during winter months to conserve energy by nit getting up for long periods of time
  • small/medium sized mammals
  • lower body temp to environment temp
  • significantly lower heart/breathing rates
  • feed/urinate/and defecate only a few times thru winter
34
Q

Estivation

A

hibernation but during summer months

-ie Hedgehogs

35
Q

Mammal Teeth

A
  • heterodont (all diff shapes and functions)

- incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

36
Q

Dental Formula of Mammals

A

Incisors up/low + Canines up/low + Premolars up/low + Molars up/low X 2 =
cross section upper number over lower number, add up all numbers individually (not like a fraction) then multiply by 2
or you can take out Premolars and Molars and use CK (cheek teeth) and use same formula

37
Q

Types of Mammal Pelage

A
  • Guard: longest, thickest, coarsest
  • Vibrisse: specialized guard hairs (Whiskers)
  • Awn: smaller in between guard hairs
  • Down: thin, fluffy grows against skin (sheds in summer)
38
Q

Coloration in Mammals

A
  • melanin: coloration of guard hairs
  • melanistic: dark, ‘over coloration’
  • albino: no melanin
39
Q

Molting

A

-shed all fur to change coloration

Snowshoe Hare brown in summer, snowy white in winter

Wildlife Biology (Mammals/Ecology) FINAL (4 decks)

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