Mammo 4: Positioning

Question 1

To promote thinning of the breast
tissue for coned views, Dr. Arthur
Hixson devised a method to apply
compression to both the top and
bottom aspects called

Answer 1

Mammospot

Question 2

The ____ projection will best visualize the subareolar, central, medial, and
posteromedial aspects of the breast and is one of two complementary projections that make up the routine mammographic study

Answer 2

craniocaudal

Question 3

The ____ may be limited in reaching extreme posterolateral structures

Answer 3

XCCL

Question 4

this position will not spread the glandular tissue and “open up”
the structures in the same way as a 20-degree MLO

Answer 4

XCCL

Question 5

best visualizes central and medial
abnormalities high on the chest wall.

Answer 5

elevated craniocaudal projection

Question 6

This projection is an option when an abnormality presents in the superior
aspect of the MLO and lateral projections but is absent from the standard CC projection

Answer 6

Elevated Craniocaudal Projection

Question 7

may be useful in the nonconforming patient, or in trouble
shooting abnormalities high on the chest wall that slip from view on the
routine CC projection.

Answer 7

The Caudal-Cranial Projection

Question 8

• It is used minimally, as it is uncomfortable for both the technologist and the patient, and often overlapping of the abdominal tissue prevents visualization of the breast tissue this view is designed to see

Answer 8

The Caudal-Cranial Projection

Question 9

The ___ projection best visualizes the posterior and upper-outer quadrants of the breast.

Answer 9

MLO

Question 10

This position is preferred as the complementary second projection in the routine two-view mammogram because it is effective in visualizing the posterior and upper-outer quadrant breast tissue

Answer 10

MLO

Question 11

best demonstrates the upper-inner quadrant (UIQ) and lower-outer
quadrant (LOQ) of the breast, free of superimposition of the upper-outer and
lower- inner tissue.

Answer 11

SIO

Question 12

A _____ also provides a perpendicular
projection to the MLO and may be useful in distinguishing pseudomass from carcinoma

Answer 12

45-degree SIO

Question 13

In the nonconforming patient, such as a patient with severe pectus excavatum, to image breast tissue not evident on the CC and MLO projections, a ____ provides a means to capture this lost tissue

Answer 13

45° SIO

Question 14

For women who have encapsulated implants, and using the Eklund modified compression technique is not feasible, a _____ serves as a third projection to image the UIQ and LOQ hidden on the CC and MLO views.

Answer 14

60° SIO

Question 15

The _____ demonstrates the entire
glandular island with less superimposition than the two-projection mammogram

Answer 15

20° oblique

Question 16

This view is especially useful for visualizing the upper-outer quadrant of the breast, however, it has many applications

Answer 16

20° oblique

Question 17

The ____ projection spreads the glandular tissue, separating
overlapped structures. It is useful as a third projection when seeking further
evidence about a possible abnormality imaged on the MLO projection.

Answer 17

20° oblique

Question 18

is also useful as a third view for both the unaffected and affected breasts in patients who have had breast cancer

Answer 18

20° oblique

Question 19

may be used to better demonstrate the
entire axillary tail, glandular breast tissue very high in the axilla that is perhaps inadequately imaged on the
MLO, as well as most of the lateral aspect of the breast.

Answer 19

The Axillary Tail (AT)

Question 20

It is performed very much like the axillary view (AX), with more emphasis placed on the breast tissue than on the axillary tissue

Answer 20

The Axillary Tail (AT)

Question 21

The _____ is useful as a replacement view for the MLO in those patients who have a pacemaker, or have had
previous open heart surgery where skimming the scar with the compression paddle could cause discomfort, and other nonconforming situations

Answer 21

Lateromedial Oblique (LMO)

Question 22

The ____ projection is useful for
stereotactic biopsy positioning.

Answer 22

The Inferomedial–Superolateral Oblique (ISO)

Question 23

This projection imitates the SIO but allows access to the inferior aspect of the breast to achieve shortest skin to abnormality distance and maintain stroke margin during stereotactic biopsy

Answer 23

The Inferomedial–Superolateral Oblique (ISO)

Question 24

Completing the ____ projection with the nipple in profile provides a true
representation of breast structures to the nipple, and is useful for localization
of nonpalpable lateral abnormalities.

Answer 24

Mediolateral (ML) Lateral Projection

Question 25

the ____ projection is useful as a third view to open structural overlap.

Answer 25

ML

Question 26

Completing the ___ projection with the nipple in profile provides a true representation of breast structures to the nipple.

Answer 26

LM

Question 27

The ___ projection is suitable for localization of non-palpable, medially located abnormalities

Answer 27

LM

Question 28

The ____ is also a legitimate replacement for the MLO projection in the nonconforming patient

Answer 28

LM

Question 29

this projection is useful to image suspected abnormalities located medially, high on the chest wall or those that are extremely posterior in the inferior half of the breast

Answer 29

LM

Question 30

This method is applicable for patients with implants, both from augmentation and reconstruction following mastectomy

Answer 30

Implant Displaced (ID) Eklund Method

Question 31

• an anterior–posterior projection, visualizes the axillary contents. • is often included as a routine view for breast cancer patients and for suspected inflammatory breast cancer.

Answer 31

Axilla Position

Question 32

It is also used for patients who present with lymphadenopathy and when searching for primary cancer

Answer 32

Axilla View

Question 33

is often the best image for a suspected abnormality because it screens an area free of superimposition and often brings it closer to the image receptor, for optimum detail.

Answer 33

Tangential (TAN) View

Question 34

To obtain a tangential view, the abnormality must be ____

Answer 34

palpable

Question 35

This view is especially useful for visualizing palpable abnormalities that remain occult on the two-view mammogram and for demonstrating areas of interest in a dense breast

Answer 35

Tangential View

Question 36

provides imaging of the extreme medial aspect of the breast.

Answer 36

cranial–caudal projection Cleavage View (C V)

Question 37

will image palpable masses that escape compression with normal techniques.

Answer 37

Captured Lesion (CL) (Coat Hanger View)

Question 38

as described by the ACR addresses the question of superimposition of tissue in the CC projection

Answer 38

“Rolled” View (RL, RM)