MAMMO - FINALS L1 & 2 Flashcards by DA RRT

TRUE OR FALSE

The patient should wear deodorant, talcum powder, or lotion under her arms or on her breasts.

FALSE

The patient SHOULD NOT WEAR deodorant, talcum powder, or lotion under her arms or on her breasts as these may appear on the mammogram and interfere with the correct diagnosis.

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The patient is suggested to wear ________ clothing so that it is easier to change for the procedure

Loose

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What must be the color of the hospital gown to be provided to the patient before mammographic procedures ?

A. Blue
B. Green
C. Teal
D. White

B. Green

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What are some of the Typical Fears Encountered During a Mammogram (3):

Cancer will be Detected
Examination Will be Painful
Radiation Involved Will Cause Cancer

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Let the patient know how many views of each breast will be taken; additional views may be taken for confirmation but doesn’t necessarily mean a pathological finding.

A. 1st Statement is Correct; 2nd Statement is Incorrect

B. 1st Statement is Incorrect; 2nd Statement is Correct

C. Both Statements are Correct

D. None of the Statements are Correct

C. Both Statements are Correct

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TRUE OR FALSE

The breasts will be manipulated and pushed to view as much of the tissue as possible.

FALSE

The breasts will be manipulated and PULLED to view as much of the tissue as possible.

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Encouraging ________ within the patient will allow radiographers to position the breast more easily

Relaxation

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This is the part of the mammogram that causes most fear

Compression

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Which term is used to substitute for the term “Pain” ?

A. Uncomfortable
B. Non-comfort
C. Discomfort
D. Regine Velasquez

C. Discomfort

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Patient Information prior to Mammographic procedures must contain the ff (7):

Name
Address
Phone Number
Previous Mammogram
Referring Physician
Date of the Patient’s Last Menstrual Period
Reason for Appointment

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These are results that appear normal despite diagnosis of breast cancer, occurring more often among younger women who usually have dense breast and can delay treatment, promoting a false sense of security.

False-Negative Results

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These are results that look abnormal but no cancer is actually present; common in younger women who have dense breasts, have had breast biopsy, or cancer in the family or are taking estrogen

False-Positive Results

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LDRS correspondingly stand for:

L-ump
D-ischarge in Nipple
R-ashes
S-urgery

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This is an act protecting individual information in information and communication systems in the government and the private sector

Republic Act No. 10173 (Data Privacy Act of 2012)

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Women at high risk of breast cancer should get an _____ and a mammogram every year

MRI

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Women in their 20s or 30s should have a _________ as part of a periodic health exam by a health professional, at least every _______

Clinical Breast Exam (CBE)
3 Years

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Yearly MRI screening is not recommended for women
whose lifetime risk of breast cancer is less than ______

15 %

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Begin routine screening _________ before the age of cancer onset in their mothers, sisters, or grandmothers

10 Years

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It is an easy way and can be a useful tool in detecting for breast cancer early when it is most treatable.

Breast Self Examination

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The 7P’s in Breast Self Examination include:

Position
Perimeter
Palpation
Pressure
Pattern of Search
Practice with Feedback
Plan of Action

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What are the two (2) most common positions applied for Breast Self Examination ?

Standing
Lying Down

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Standing Position may be performed with three (3) ideal positions which includes:

Arms Relaxed at Sides
Arms Raised Above Head
Press Hands Firmly on the Waist

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When lying down, the ______ must be placed behind the head

Right Arm

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The finger pads of which fingers of a hand must be used to feel the lumps for the opposite breast ?

3 Middle Fingers

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This pertains to the area to be examined that should include all the breast tissue and the armpit

Perimeter

This pertains to the method of "How to Feel" wherein circular motions are performed with the three middle finger pads to feel the breast tissue

Palpation

TRUE OR FALSE Some women prefer to do the exam during the shower because fingers move smoothly over soapy skin, making it easy to feel the texture underneath

TRUE

This pertains to "How Deep to Feel" and is important to be applied because the breast is not flat

Pressure

A doctor or nurse should be asked on how to do a proper way to do a breast self examination

Practice with Feedback

The following are Plans of Action EXCEPT: A. Discuss breast cancer early detection guidelines with a doctor or nurse. B. Schedule clinical breast exam and mammogram as appropriate for the patient’s age. C. Perform BSE weekly D. Report any breast changes to your doctor or nurse

C. Perform BSE weekly (Monthly dapat para tama)

Patients should be dressed in ______ gowns A. Open-front B. Open-back C. Closed-front D. Closed-back

A. Open-front

Both breasts are routinely radiographed obtaining ______ and _______ projections.

1. Craniocaudal (CC) 2. Mediolateral Oblique (MLO)

Image enhancement methods such as _____ and _____ technique are often useful.

1. Spot Compression 2. Magnification

What are the Anatomical Landmarks for Positioning and Image Analysis of the Breast (3P's):

1. Perimeter 2. Pectoralis Muscle 3. Posterior Nipple Line (PNL)

The breast must be _____ so that the PNL is close as possible to the perpendicular plane to the chest wall

Elevated

PNL measurement of CC should be within _____ of the PNL measurement of the MLO

1 cm

TRUE OR FALSE It should never be assumed that the patient is fully aware of what the mammographer is about to do even if the patient has had prior examinations.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE The routine projections will sufficiently demonstrate all the breast tissue and additional projections may be necessary.

FALSE In many cases, the routine projections WILL NOT sufficiently demonstrate all the breast tissue and additional projections may be necessary.

The _____ and ______ portions of the breast are mobile, whereas the _____ and ______ portions are fixed.

Mobile = INFERIOR and LATERAL Portions Fixed = SUPERIOR and MEDIAL Portions

Obtaining an image of the __________ should be the primary consideration

Posterior Breast Tissue

It is an important factor in achieving a high-quality mammogram

Compression

Properly applied compression _______ the breast so that the tissue thickness is more evenly distributed over the image

Spreads

The compression should be _____ but not painful.

Taut

What should you do if a patient is unable to tolerate the proper amount of compression ? A. Report to the Chief Tech B. Document this on the Patient History Form for the Radiologist C. Stop the Scan D. Leave the Patient

B. Document this on the Patient History Form for the Radiologist

Identification labels prior to processing must be _______

Permanent

On the cassette near the patient's _______, place a _______ indicating both the side examined and the projection used

1. Axilla 2. Radiopaque Marker

Before exposure, write the ______ of the person performing the examination on the identification label.

Initials

Label the mammography cassette with an identification number through what numerical writing ? A. Roman Numeral B. Arabic Numeral C. Morse Code D. Cipher

B. Arabic Numeral

Identification of the mammographic unit is used with what numerical format ? A. Roman Numeral B. Arabic Numeral C. Ordinals D. Cardinals

A. Roman Numeral

FOR THE IR: What is the IR size for CC projection ?

8x10 / 10x12

In CC projection, you must elevate the _______ to its maximum height

Inframammary Fold

Keep the breast _________ to the chest wall

Perpendicular

In CC projection, the breast must be immobilized with _____ hand

One (1)

The patient's head must be rotated _______ from the affected side.

Away

CR for CC projection must be _________

Perpendicular to the Base of the Breast

Structures Shown for CC Projection include:

Central, Subareolar, and Medial Fibroglandular Breast Tissue

Determine the degree of obliquity of the C-arm apparatus by _______ until the long edge of the cassette is parallel to the upper one third of the pectoral muscle of the affected side

Rotating the Tube

FOR THE IR: IR size for MLO projection

8x10 / 10x12

The degree of obliquity should be between ____ and _____ degrees, depending on the patient's body habitus

30 and 60 Degrees

CR for MLO Projection

Perpendicular to the Cassette

STRUCTURES SHOWN for MLO Projection

All the Breast Tissue with Emphasis on the Lateral Aspect and Axillary Tail

This projection shows the entire breast implant and surrounding posterior breast tissue with suboptimal compression of the anterior fibroglandular tissue

CC Projection with Full Implant

This projection demonstrates the implant displaced posteriorly with the anterior and central breast tissue seen projected free of superimposition with uniform compression and improved tissue differentiation.

CC Projection with Implant Displaced

This projection presents the implant projected over fibroglandular tissue which extends to the posterior edge of image.

MLO Projection with Full Implant

For both CC and MLO projections, the patient may be _______ or _____ on an adjustable stool facing the cassette holder

Standing or Seated

It is a a method which defines lesion or area through focal compression, able to separate overlying parenchyma

Spot Compression

Spot Compression is often performed with the ________, especially for determination of number, morphology, or microcalcifications.

Magnification Technique

TRUE OR FALSE Spot Compression superimposes ductal structures in the superoareolar region

FALSE Spot Compression superimposes ductal structures in the SUBAREOLAR REGION.

This combines with spot compression to demonstrate margins of lesion and delineate microcalcifications.

Magnification

This projection/method is essential for localization and demonstration of air-fluid-fat levels, capable of defining lesions located in the lateral aspect of the breast.

Mediolateral (ML) Projection

In ML projection, the C-arm assembly is rotated ______, with the x-ray tube placed on the medial side of the patient's breast.

90 Degrees

TRUE OR FALSE In ML projection, the breast may be allowed to droop.

FALSE In ML projection, the breast is NOT ALLOWED to droop.

This projection/method is useful for localization and demonstration of air-fluid-fat levels and defining lesions located in the medial aspect of the breast.

Lateromedial (LM) Projection

SHORT SUMMARY: ML Projection shows lesions in ______ aspect of the breast, whereas LM Projection shows lesions in ________ aspect of the breast.

ML = Lateral Aspect LM = Medial Aspect

This projections helps to visualize lesions in DEEP OUTER ASPECT OF THE BREAST that are not seen on standard CC.

Exaggerated CC (XCCL)

In XCCL, the C-arm assembly must rotated _________ at approximately _____ if necessary to eliminate overlapping of the humeral head.

1. Mediolaterally 2. 5 Degrees

This projection shows a super inferior projection of the lateral fibroglandular breast tissue and posterior aspect of the pectoral muscle. It also shows a sagittal orientation of a lateral lesion located in the axillary tail of the breast.

Exaggerated CC (XCCL)

This projection visualizes deep medial breast tissue and medial lesion in true transverse/axial plane; essential for showing lesions located in the deep posteromediolateral aspect of the breast

CC for Cleavage (CV)

This triangulates lesion seen only on CC projection as in either superior or inferior aspect of the breast, helping see the separation of superimposed breast tissues only seen on the CC projection.

Craniocaudal with Roll (RL)

Superimposed breast tissues seen with CCRL are also collectively known as _________

Summation Shadow

This projection confirms dermal versus breast calcifications, demonstrating obscure palpable lump over subcutaneous fat.

Tangential (TAN) Projection

This projection is essential for visualizing superior breast tissue, defining lesions located in superior aspect of the breast. BONUS DEF: This projection is used for male patients, women with extremely small breast, kyphotic patients and patients with pacemakers, defibrillators, or port-a-caths

Caudocranial (FB) Projection

This projection is required for focal compression view of axillary tail and demonstration of medial breast tissue.

MLO for Axillary Tail (AT)

This projection visualizes upper inner quadrant and lower outer quadrant, which are normally superimposed on MLO and LMO projections

Superolateral to Inferomedial (SIO) Projection

Give at least six (6) artifacts that may be present in Mammography projections:

1. Belly Fold Artifact 2. Hand Artifact 3. Chin Artifact 4. Pectoral Muscle Fold Artifact 5. Motion Blur 6. Axillary Skin Fold Artifact

Mammographic abnormalities may include four (4), namely:

1. Spiculated Mass 2. Microcalcifications 3. Architectural Distortion 4. Asymmetric Density

The smallest focal spot target size preferred is ______

≤ 0.1 mm

TRUE OR FALSE The breast must be bare during mammographic examination because the mammogram will record the slightest wrinkle in any cloth covering.

TRUE

Breast self examination must be performed: A. Daily B. Weekly C. Monthly D. Yearly

C. Monthly

How many levels of pressure must be used for each palpation of the breast ? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

C. Three

MAMMO - FINALS L1 & 2 Flashcards

(91 cards)