MANAGEMENT

Question 1

Accountability

Answer 1

Is not about evaluating the outcomes of an action or programme, but tries
to discover how your actions led to the result. What are you responsible
of?

Question 2

Acculturation

Answer 2

A process of cultural transformation initiated by contacts between
different cultures. At a global level, acculturation takes place as societies
experience the transforming impact of international cultural contact. The
global trend towards modern economic organisation and developed
market economies has been accompanied by a process of cultural
transformation. Individuals experience acculturation when their social roles
and socialisation are shaped by norms and values that are largely foreign to
their native culture

Question 3

Attitude

Answer 3

A way of feeling or thinking about someone or something esp. as this
influences someone’s behaviour. Learned predisposition to respond
favourably or unfavourably toward an object

Question 4

Behaviour

Answer 4

The way of acting, functioning in a particular way.

Question 5

Benchmarking

Answer 5

Benchmarking is the process of comparing one’s business processes and
performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other
companies.

Question 6

Boilerplate

Answer 6

A boilerplate is a unit of writing that can be reused over and over without
change. It can be compared to a certain kind of template, which can be
thought of as a fill-in-the-blanks boilerplate. Some typical boilerplates
include: mission statements, safety warnings, commonly used installation
procedures, copyright statements, and responsibility disclaimers.

Question 7

Bottom-up initiative

Answer 7

The bottom-up approach implies proactive team input in the project
executing process. Team members are invited to participate in every step
of the management process.

Question 8

Cocreation

Answer 8

A business strategy focusing on customer experience and interactive
relationships. Cocreation allows and encourages a more active involvement
from the customer to create a value rich experience.

Question 9

Communication
flow

Answer 9

The direction (upward, downward, horizontal) messages travel through the
networks in an organisation.

Question 10

Community
Relations /
Community Affairs

Answer 10

the communication strategy that tries to create understanding and support
towards the company among the immediate surroundings

Question 11

Corporate
community
involvement plans

Answer 11

programmes that are developed to show the corporate social responsibility
of a company towards society. Based on the knowledge that companies
can’t survive without a broad platform of support from their environment.

Question 12

Corporate
Governance

Answer 12

A system that controls the internal activities of the board of a company and
their connection with other parties involved.

Question 13

Corporate Identity

Answer 13

Is how a company/organisation presents itself: the implicit and explicit
offering of cues in relation to the company, e.g.: conduct, communication,
symbols (logo and house style = not the same as corporate identity).These
visual and non-visual means are based on the company’s philosophy,
vision, mission statement and objectives

Question 14

Cross-cultural
communication

Answer 14

Communication of different combinations of people. A cross-cultural
communication study might compare and contrast Japanese and American
negotiation tactics, for example

Question 15

Crowdshifting

Answer 15

Sharing short movies/commercials on the internet

Question 16

Crowdsourcing

Answer 16

The public helps companies in the development of strategies, products,
services,… by sending them suggestions via the internet

Question 17

Data Warehousing /
Data Mining

Answer 17

Extracting data from legacy systems and other resources; cleaning,
scrubbing and preparing data for decision support; maintaining data in
appropriate data stores; accessing and analysing data using a variety of end
user tools; and mining data for significant relationships. The primary
purpose of these efforts is to provide easy access to specifically prepared
data that can be used with decision support applications such as
management reports, queries, decision support systems, executive
information systems and data mining.

Question 18

DEPEST, PESTED

Answer 18

Analysis of de demographic, economic, political, environmental, social and
demographic aspects that influence your business.

Question 19

Downsizing

Answer 19

The process of adjusting downward the number of employees required to
perform jobs in newly designed organisations.

Question 20

eBusiness

Answer 20

All electronically mediated information exchanges, both within an
organisation and with external stakeholders supporting the range of
business processes.

Question 21

eCommerce

Answer 21

All financial and informational electronically mediated exchanges between
an organisation and its external stakeholders.

Question 22

eGovernment

Answer 22

The use of internet technologies to provide government services to
citizens.

Question 23

employee
engagement

Answer 23

Employee engagement is the emotional commitment the employee has to
the organisation and its goals.

Question 24

Experience
Economy

Answer 24

Trying to reach the target groups and publics in a more emotional way by
triggering their (5) senses. Based on interactivity, connection,
entertainment, competition (gamification), …

Question 25

Extranet

Answer 25

An extranet is formed by extending the intranet beyond a company to customers, suppliers, collaborators or even competitors. This is password protected to prevent access by general internet users.

Question 26

Framing

Answer 26

A way of organizing our everyday experience.

Question 27

Global Brand

Answer 27

A product, service, or company that competes globally

Question 28

Globalisation

Answer 28

The increase of international trading and sharing of information, social and cultural values.

Question 29

Grassroot lobbying

Answer 29

Indirect way of lobbying via manifestations, petitions, media-attention, demonstrations.

Question 30

Horizontal and vertical organisations

Answer 30

There are a number of considerations, including advantages and disadvantages, to make when choosing between a vertical and horizontal business organisation. Since the industrial revolution, businesses have taken the form of vertical organisational structure. Vertical business organisations have many levels of management and supervision with a long chain of command running from the top of the organisation down to the bottom of the organisation. Typically, vertical business structures seldom exceed eight levels of management, because the increasing number of management layers diminishes the span of control and the disadvantages begin to outweigh the advantages of a vertical structure. Vertical business organisations have been the norm up until modern times, which has progressively given way to the horizontal business organisation. Horizontal business organisations are usually smaller organisations, which has partially to do with fewer layers of management. In contrast to vertical business organisation, horizontal business organisations have comparatively few levels of management.

Question 31

Image

Answer 31

Is how an object is known and through which people describe, remember and relate to it. It is the result of the interaction of a person’s beliefs, ideas, feelings and impressions about an object. Corporate Image: the perception people have of a company Brand Image: the perception people have of a brand Product image: the perception people have of a product Country of origin image: the perception people have of a country Perceived image: the image employees of the company think external publics have of their company

Question 32

Inbound email

Answer 32

Email arriving with an organisation / individual

Question 33

Interest group

Answer 33

A group of individuals and organisations linked together for the purpose of active promotion of particular values and objectives. Interest groups are usually associated with the political process through which they seek support and resources for their objectives.

Question 34

Intranet

Answer 34

A network within a single company that enables access to company information using the familiar tools of the internet such as web browsers and email. Only staff within a company can access the intranet, which will be password protected

Question 35

Issue management

Answer 35

The activity of thinking about problems that might affect companies, government, or consumers and then planning ways to solve them

Question 36

KPI’s

Answer 36

Key Performance Indicators (Key competences of a company)

Question 37

License to operate

Answer 37

The right to function that a company receives from its publics. They understand and agree with the company’s policy

Question 38

Lobbying

Answer 38

Is the special effort to influence public decision making either by pressing for change in policy or seeking to prevent such change. This is done via private meetings with MPs, ministers, civil servants, councillors, etc.

Question 39

Logo

Answer 39

Abbreviation of logotype now applied broadly (most often incorrectly, in technical terms) to all trademarks.

Question 40

Logotype

Answer 40

The representation of a brand by a distinctive typeface or lettering style. Synonymous with: wordmark

Question 41

Longtail effect

Answer 41

Select marketing of products and services that are less attractive

Question 42

Manifesto

Answer 42

A written statement declaring publicly the intentions, motives, or views of its issuer.

Question 43

Mission statement

Answer 43

A concise statement of the ideal purpose or aspirations of an organisation. These are long-term objectives and not necessarily (easily) achievable.

Question 44

Public

Answer 44

A public is a deliberate selection of people that are important for the company/organisation, based on the dependency factor. How important are the publics to attain the company objectives? Sometimes authors refer to publics with the word ‘stakeholders’ = people having a stake in the company. Most PR authors (especially from the UK, since the word public and stakeholder have another connotation to native speakers) prefer publics, being people with common interests

Question 45

Public Affairs

Answer 45

The strategic function that deals with and manages the opportunities and threats caused by the political-societal changes.

Question 46

Publicity

Answer 46

Publication of news about an organisation or person for which time or space was not purchased. (as opposed to advertising)

Question 47

Public Relations

Answer 47

Is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organisations and their publics. It’s a process of viewing an organisation from the ‘outside’. Its primary concerns are an organisation’s inclusiveness and its preservation of the ‘license to operate’

Question 48

Public sector

Answer 48

The part of the economy concerned with providing basic government services. The composition of the public sector varies by country, but in most countries the public sector includes such services as the police, military, public roads, public transit, primary education and healthcare for the poor. The public sector might provide services that non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services that benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service (such as public education), and services that encourage equal opportunity.

Question 49

Scrum

Answer 49

Repeated evaluation of and discussions about the (communication) strategy.

Question 50

Social cohesion

Answer 50

Is defined as the willingness of members of a society to cooperate with each other in order to survive and prosper. Willingness to cooperate means they freely choose to form partnerships and have a reasonable chance of realizing goals, because others are willing to cooperate and share the fruits of their endeavours equally

Question 51

Stakeholder

Answer 51

Any person or firm with a vested interest in a company or brand, including shareholders, employees, partners, suppliers, customers, and community members.

Question 52

Strategic Analysis

Answer 52

Collection and review of information about an organisations internal processes and resources and external marketplace factors in order to inform strategy definition.

Question 53

Strategy

Answer 53

A plan that is targeted to achieve a specific outcome and uses a set of tactics to achieve a business goal.

Question 54

Style Guide

Answer 54

A definition of site structure, page design, typography and copy defined with an organisation

Question 55

SWOT

Answer 55

A framework for situational analysis, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat

Question 56

Tipping Point

Answer 56

That specific moment an issue becomes a topic on the public and political agenda

Question 57

Top-down

Answer 57

All the directions come from the top. Project objectives are established by the top management. Top managers provide guidelines, information, plans and fund processes

Question 58

Trademark

Answer 58

A legally protectable form of intellectual property, in the form of a name and/or symbol that indicates a source of goods or services, to help prevent confusion and/or infringement in the marketplace

Question 59

Triple Bottom Line

Answer 59

Expression to describe the economic, environmental and societal aspects of businesses. Planet = human capital and the way a company treats its employees and the locals and takes care of the immediate surroundings of the company, Planet = environment and ecological footprint of a company, Profit : the (honest) profit of a company in balance with people and planet.

Question 60

Vision

Answer 60

The aspirations of a company that drive future growth, most often delivered in the form of a story a leader tells about where the organisation is going.

Question 61

Vision Statement

Answer 61

The goals, dreams and future aspirations of an organisation. Vision statements describe what the organisation wants to become or accomplish tomorrow, while mission statements define what the organisation is getting done today.

Question 62

Visual Identity

Answer 62

What a brand looks like – including, among other things, its logo, typography, packaging and literature systems.