Management Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Functions of management
A
POS-DCE
Plan, organize, staff, direct, control/evaluate
2
Q
Policy and procedures are part of which mngmt function?
A
Planning
3
Q
SWOT analysis is part of?
A
Strategic planning
4
Q
Meals/labor hour in acute care conventional
A
3.5 meal/labor hr
5
Q
Meals/labor hour in school cafeteria
A
13-15 meal/labor hr
6
Q
absolute FTE vs adjusted FTE
A
absolute - productive hours
adjusted - considered benefit/off days
7
Q
FTE calculations
A
FTE/day labor hours/8hr
FTE/week labor hours/40hr
FTE/year labor hours/2080hr
8
Q
Actual number of employees needed calculation
A
full time positions x 0.55 = relief workers needed (add to full time)
9
Q
Hospital food service relief workers can cover?
A
days off for 2.5 full-time workers
10
Q
Occurrence samples
A
work simplification tool
determines % of time working/idle
11
Q
Cross charts
A
work simplification tool
equipment placement, movements between
12
Q
Meals per labor hour equations
A
meals per hour = #meals / #hours worked
meals per week = #meals / (#FTE x 40)
meals per day = #meals / (#FTE x 8)
13
Q
Labor turnover rate equation
A
#separated / total positions x 100 goal is low
14
Q
What direction is chain of command
A
downward, Dept. head at top
15
Q
Purpose of diagonal communication
A
minimizes time and effort
each department requests from main purchaser
16
Q
Maslow basic and higher needs
A
Basic- physical and security. Meet first
Higher - social, esteem, realization, these are morivators. Job enrichment!
17
Q
Herzberg’s two factors
A
Maintenance- meet first
Motivators- job enrichment, accomplishment
18
Q
MacGregors theories
A
X - dislike work, negative, autocratic leadership
Y - like work, participative leadership
19
Q
Hawthorne studies
A
Involved people are more productive
Due to special attention
Placebo effect
Mayo
20
Q
Expectancy theory
A
Beer vroom
Performance leads to reward
Is the reward attractive
Path-goal
21
Q
Autocratic leader
A
Demanding
Good in crisis
22
Q
Participative leader
A
Best
Share power
23
Q
Leadership grid
A
Concern for people and concern for production
24
Q
Likert conflict management
A
Participative is best
25
Unity of commands
Answer to one superior
26
Theory z
Human relations style of management
Value of company is the people
If affected by decision, help make the decision
27
Systems approach to management
Consider the whole organization
| A change in one part affects many
28
Leadership style depends on
Situation
| Followers
29
Scientific management
physical
work-centered
efficiency
30
Management by objectives MBO
democratic
| participative
31
Transactional vs transformational leaders
Transaction - reward/punish, autocratic
| Transformation - participative, inspire followers
32
Organizational change theory
managers are catalyst for change
proactive leaders
see a need make a change
33
First step in evaluation?
set standard!
| Then measure performance and compare to standard
34
Skills and who needs them:
technical - activity, lower rank
human - interpersonal, all but for sure lower rank
Conceptual - higher ranks
35
First step of problem solving
Recognize and assess the problem
36
Nominal group technique:
Delbeqc
structure brainstorming
Rank and vote
37
Delphi technique
experts
| distance
38
Fish diagram
cause and effect
| What causes will get effect we want
39
Pareto analysis
bar chart with importance of problems
work on biggest bar/problem first
80/20 rule
40
Is compromise useful?
nope, weak method, not usually best for org
41
Types of power
```
Reward
Coercive
Position/legitimate
Expert
Referent - how well liked
```
42
Management attributes that offer success
bias for action (fix, do, solve)
hands on
value driven
43
SOP
Standards of Practice
for nutrition care
direct patient care
44
SOPP
Standards of professional performance
all credentialed professionals
competent behavior in any RD role
45
Who makes laws for unemployment comp?
states
| insurance against loss of income
46
Who administers workman's comp?
states
47
National Labor Relations Act
Wagner Act
created National Labor Relations Board NRLB
pro labor
48
Taft Hartley Labor Act
amended NLRA
pro management
listed unfair labor practices of unions
49
What speaks about sexual harassment
Civil Rights Act
50
What laws are overseen by EEOC?
Civil Rights Act
| Equal Employment Opportunity Act
51
Which act talks about minimum wage, overtime, tolerated time?
Fair Labor Standards Act
52
What act prohibits pay discrimination based on sex?
Equal Pay Act
53
Which act talks about child labor laws?
Fair Labor Standards Act
54
Who is exempt from minimum wage laws?
administrative, executive, professional, salespersons
55
FMLA
12 weeks unpaid, job-protected leave
56
What act requires reasonable accommodations?
Americans with Disabilities Act
57
ADA requires how wide for aisles and doors?
aisles - 36"
| doors - 32"
58
What act requires essential job functions to be listed on job description
ADA
59
Job analysis
first
| collect info for job description
60
Job description
skills and responsibilities
| training and appraisal
61
Job specifications
duties and qualifications
hiring (who to pick)
no details on what to do or time involved
62
Work schedule
task and time
63
Job breakdown
what to do how to do it
| no time limits
64
Job enlargement
similar tasks
| alleviate boredom
65
Job enrichment
upgrade job
| motivator
66
What law prevents asking certain question in interview?
Equal Employment Practice Law
67
Benefit to structure and unstructured interview
Structured - reduces bias
| Unstructured - more participation from applicant
68
Law requires what type of benefit?
statutory
| ensure income in event of unemployment (worker comp)
69
What act outlawed union closed shops?
Taft Hartley
70
Union shop
must join after hire
71
Check-off
union dues come out of pay check
72
Closed shop
must be union member before hire
73
Which union activity is illegal in public employment?
closed shop and union shop
74
Open shop
join or not
75
Agency shop
pay the fee but do not have to join
76
Steps in collective bargaining
Bargaining - steward and manager
Mediation - neutral person, decision not binding
Arbitration - binding
77
Unions can negotiate what?
conditions, vacations, holidays
78
Unions cannot bargain?
hiring
| strategic initiatives
79
How many votes to change union policy?
50% plus 1
80
Discipline with union member
follow the contract, written, formal
81
Steps in disciplinary action
verbal warning
written warning
suspension
dismissal
82
Best use of performance appraisal?
feedback improving performance
83
Operating budget
expected income and expenses, forecasting
84
Cash budget
shows in and out cash
| when you have money
85
Capital budget
facilities, equipment
| stuff with returns beyond a year
86
Traditional budgeting
starts with this year's expenses and adds inflation
87
Zero-based budgeting
starts with 0, justify every expense
88
Fixed budget vs flexible budget
fixed - assumes same level of sales for the year
| flexible - assumes varying level of sales due to season, renovation, etc
89
Performance budget
what it costs to perform an activity
| ex: supervise the cafeteria
90
indirect costs
cost not attached to sales volume
| rent, insurance, taxes
91
direct costs
money related to sales volume
| food, china, laundry
92
semi-variable costs
a little indirect and direct
| labor, maintenance
93
Primary way to control food cost?
```
menu planning
then....
type of service
purchasing
receiving
storage and production (how much can you hold and make)
```
94
$ of Edible portion =
EP $/lb = $AP / Edible lb.
95
Labor cost vs. food cost
labor is less controllable cost
96
What can you use to measure operational effectiveness?
balance sheet and income statement
97
Income statement
profit and loss over a period of time
| dynamic
98
Balance sheet
assets and liabilities on one date
static
quick check on $ status
99
Utilities are what type of cost?
operating
100
Cash basis accounting
when money actually changes hands
101
Accrual basis accounting
when money is earned and expenses incurred
| not when money changes hands (hospital checks from ins)
102
Liquidity ratio
ability to pay bills
| current assets and liabilities
103
Turnover ratios shows:
effectiveness of inventory
low outcome means lots of $$ in inventory
high outcome means limited inventory kept
104
Inventory turnover equation
cost of sales/food / avg inventory cost
| Ex: food cost in June / avg inventory
105
Desirable inventory rate
2-4/month
106
Net worth ratio
opposite of liquidity
| can you pay long term debt, solvency
107
Daily food cost report equation
food cost / income that day
| gives percentage of income spent on food
108
Food cost per meal equation
$ food per month / # meals per month
Find how much spent on food (inventory 1 - inventory 2 + purchased)
Divide by # of meals
109
What shows overall financial efficiency?
Profit margin
| profit remaining after paying all expenses
110
Gross profit
sales - COGS
111
Net profit
sales - ALL expenses
| what you have left
112
Profit margin equation
net profit / revenue
113
Payback period: what
how long to recoup expenses on new product/service
114
payback period equation
cost of service / $ saved
| $6900 cost of service / $120/week saved = 57.5 weeks to payback
115
First step in marketing process
identify a need not being filled "niche"
116
Psychographic segmentation
social class, lifestyle
| reason a customer buys an item
117
Target market
people who have potential to buy your product
118
Marketing mix
product, place, price, promotion
119
Breakeven equation given selling price
BE = FC / (SP-VC)
selling less than the answer means lose money
more means you make money
120
Breakeven equation given sales
BE = FC / 1-(VC/Sales)
121
Traditional markup (factor pricing)
100/food cost% = markup factor
mark-up factor x raw food cost = selling price
can add 10% to cover hidden costs
122
Prime cost equation
Raw food cost + labor cost = prime cost
100 / (food cost % + labor %) = markup factor
Selling price = prime cost x markup factor
123
loss leader
items priced low to draw people in to buy other things at a markup
124
Why would you use cost of profit pricing method?
ensure a certain profit with each sale
125
cost benefit vs cost effectiveness analysis
benefit asks should we do this? - is outcome worth the cost of the intervention
effectiveness asks how should we do this? - compares different strategies
126
audit
retrospective monitoring performance
127
TQM: name, focus
Total quality management
| customer satisfaction focus
128
FOCUS PDCA
```
part of TQM
find process to improve
organize team
clarify current knowledge
understand causes of variation
select process to improve on
```
plan to improve
do the change
check the results
act to maintain results
129
Outcome management systems: look at what? goal?
effectiveness - doing the right thing
efficiency - doing things right
goal is to improve quality of services
130
Rate-based indicators
1-99%
what will happen with the best care
"95% of trays get to room in 10 minutes"
131
Sentinel event indicator
undesirable but unavoidable events
never/always
"No food poisoning" "all oncology pt fed in 5 days"
132
Six Sigma
6 deviations from the mean = little variation in service
| remove defects and their causes
133
Kaizen
small incremental changes
| team, morale focus
134
Lean method
less effort, space, money, time
