Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Trauma > Management of Circulation > Flashcards

Management of Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is maintenance therapy with IV fluids?

A

replaces normal ongoing losses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is replacement therapy for IV fluids?

A

corrects any existing water and electrolyte deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are good indicators for adequate perfusion?

A

Cognitive functioning and urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of crystalloids?

A
  • Isotonic
  • Hypotonic
  • Hypertonic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are colloids used for?

A

Increase volume (Volume expanders) - loss of blood or loss of plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of colloids?

A
  • Dextran
  • Plasma
  • Albumin
  • Hetastarch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are colloids different than crystalloids?

A
  • More expensive

* Do not diffuse out of vascular space as quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are crystalloids classified?

A

By their tonicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is tonicity?

A

Concentration of electrolytes (Solutes) dissolved in the waters compared to body plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of crystalloid has the same amount of electrolytes as the plasma?

A

Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of isotonic solutions?

A

LR
NS
D5W (***IN water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of crystalloid has more electrolytes than plasma?

A

Hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do hypertonic solutions do?

A

causes water to shift from the extravascular spaces into the bloodstream, increasing the intravascular volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Complications with LR?

A

a) Contains Potassium, can cause hyperkalemia in renal patients
b) Patients with liver disease cannot metabolize lactate
c) Lactate is converted into bicarb by liver which with larger volumes can lead to metabolic alkalosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is D5W for?

A

a) Fluid loss and dehydration

b) Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Universal blood type?

A

Low titer O- whole blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NS uses?

A

a) Shock
b) Resuscitation
c) Fluid challenges
d) Blood transfusions
e) Metabolic alkalosis
f) Hyponatremia
g) DKA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LR uses?

A

a) Dehydration
b) Burns
c) GI tract fluid loss
d) Acute blood loss
e) Hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many attempts does it take to determine IO access instead?

A

3 attempts or 90 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Contraindications for IO?

A
  • Fracture/Crush injury
  • Ortho surgery near site
  • Previous IO attempts failed
  • Infection at site
  • Brittle bones
21
Q

IO needle size?

A

16-20g

22
Q

Best site for IO?

A

anteromedial aspect of tibia (1-3cm below tibial tuberosity)

23
Q

can you develop compartment syndrome from an IO?

A

Yes

24
Q

Other complications of IO?

A

Tibial fracture
Osteomyelitis
Necrosis

25
Q

When do you DC an IO?

A

As soon a peripheral vein can be used

Longer IO is in, the more risk

26
Q

Why is TXA used?

A
  • Significant volume of blood transfusion required

Examples;

(a) Hemorrhagic Shock
(b) One or more amputations
(c) Penetrating torso trauma
(d) Evidence of sever bleeding

27
Q

How does TXA help with hemorrhage control?

A
  • DOES NOT promote new clot formation
  • Helps reinforce clots that are already there
  • Helps reduce blood loss from internal hemorrhage sites
28
Q

When is survival benefit the greatest when giving TXA?

A

Within 1 hour of administration

29
Q

Dosing for TXA?

A

1 gam in 100ml of NS or LR

** Over 10 minutes

*** No later than 3 hours

30
Q

What does CRoC stand for?

A

Combat Ready Clamp

31
Q

What does JETT stand for?

A

Junctional Emergency Treatment Tool

32
Q

When may second infusion of TXA given?

A

1 gram after initial fluid resuscitation

33
Q

So what exactly is TXA doing?

A

Keeps fibrin around longer

34
Q

Complications of TXA?

A

Hypotension with rapid IV infusion

  • Seizures
  • Visual changes
35
Q

Storage temp for TXA?

A

59-86F

36
Q

What’s good about plasma?

A

contain ALL of your clotting factors/coagulation factors needed in the process to form fibrin strands which cement the platelet plug for clotting

37
Q

All males receive what type of blood?

A

O pos or O neg

38
Q

All females of childbearing age receive what type of blood?

A

O Neg ONLY

39
Q

Class 3 shock?

A

30% blood loss
1500-2000ml of blood loss
urine output 5-15ml/hr

40
Q

Class 4 shock?

A

> 40% of blood loss
2000ml of blood loss
Urine output negligible
* Absent radial pulse means bp systolic <80

41
Q

Signs of hemolytic reactions?

A

1) Fever
2) Chills
3) Flank pain
4) Oozing from intravenous sites

42
Q

Tx for hemolytic reactions?

A

aggressive hydration and diuresis (to prevent kidney damage from lysed RBC elements

43
Q

Febrile non-hemolytic blood transfusion reaction?

A
  • Fever

* Chills

44
Q

Urticarial blood reaction?

A

Hives only

45
Q

How much Benadryl is given for prophylaxis for previous allergic reaction to blood transfusion?

A

25-50mg

46
Q

How often are vitals tracked for blood transfusion?

A

10-15 min

47
Q

What are the lines prepared with?

A

NS

48
Q

What is the infusion documented on?

A

TCCC card, SF 518 and SF 600

Trauma (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions