Management of the paediatric dental emergency Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the special vaccines?
Flu,
Chicken pox
TB
Hep b
What are the different forms of the herpes virus?
Herpes simplex (primary herpes) and Varicella-Zoster (chicken pox and shingles)
How does Herpes simplex present?
1/3 of people go on to get cold sores when exposed to certain stress
Virus lives in trigeminal ganglion
When is chicken pox no longer infective?
When last scab healed up
How does measles present?
Koplik’s spots
Mapular wide rash
intraorally get white spots on cheeks
How does mumps infections present?
Infection of the salivary glands - painful parotids
Ears stick out
Can effect exocrine glands
How does rubella present?
Feel unwell and have a rash not as dangerous as measles
If pregnant can cause damage to unborn child
What is Cockasackie virus?
Herpangina, Hand foot and mouth diease
How does herpangina and Hand foot and mouth disease present?
Herpangina - fell unwell, intra-oral ulcers - but dont feel as unwell as herpes simplex
Hand foot and mouth - rash in oral mucosa and elsewhere, children feel unwell adults cant feel it
What is Epstein- Barr virus?
glandular fever
Malaise, swollen glands in head and neck
What are the different bacterial dieases of children?
Impetigo - spots/sores on face
Streptococcal (scarlet fever) - red face and sore throat
Cat scratch disease
ANUG - from fusiform and spirocheates - pocketung heals, lose papilla, mouth hurts, bad breath
Actinomycosis - yellow exudate
Meningitis
What is problem if have an acute abscess?
in children can be life threatening
What is the problem with an abscess that spreads via fascial plains?
Sunlingual, sub-mandibular, pharyngeal
Can occlude airway - caused by inflammation/tissue fluid
What is the problem with an abscess that spreads via venous route?
Ocular - brain abscess and die
What do you do on examination for child presenting with an abscess?
History of complaint - symptoms, duration, pain score, sleep, fluid intake
MH
DH
SH
What do you look for on extra-oral examination?
Symmetry, swelling, lymph nodes, temp >38
Rash, spreading infection, trismus, eye starting to close
What do you look for on intra-oral examination?
Soft/hard tissues
Soft tissues: ulcers, swelling/form of abscess, colour
Hard: carious teeth colour of teeth, bone
What do you examine specifically about the swelling?
Site, size, surface, texture, colour
What special investigations do you do if child presents with abscess?
Radiographs
vitality tests
Bloods
What are the symptoms of primary herpes?
Fever Headache Malaise Mild dysphagia Lymphadenopathy Oral Ulceration Marginal gingivitis - bright red
What is the duration of primary herpes
14 days
Why would you need admission with primary herpes?
Dehydration - lack of fluids
Fever - temp >38
What is the treatment for primary herpes?
Fluids rest, analgesics, antipyretics, chlorhexidine, avoid cross-infection, antivirals
What is the treatment for dental abscess?
Drainage Antibiotics if spreading infection Antibiotics if systemic upset Analgesic Antipyretic Follow up
