Managing other people (2.4) Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is an organisational strategy ?
organisational structure is about how the people in a business are arranged into teams
Define a flat structure ?
Flat structure has few layers and a small chain of command
Define a tall structure ?
A tall structure has many layers and a long chain of command
what is decentralisation ?
decentralisation is when your organisational structure gives freedom for decisions to be made by a large group of people
what is centralisation ?
centralised is when you leave decision making to a small group
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a flat structure ?
Advantages:
- less chance of communication getting muddled
- cheaper because there are less manager salaries
- get to interact with senior staff regularly, this makes you feel ‘valued’
- staff are given more independence because they are highly monitored.
Disadvantages:
- wide span of control makes it harder to manage
- not much opportunity for promotion, meaning lower motivation of employees
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a tall structure ?
Advantages:
- more opportunities for promotion so staff are more motivated
- allows you to have more specialised teams, this will increase quality and customer service
- working in smaller teams means you interact more with colleagues
Disadvantages
- more expensive to employ these people
- long chain of command, chief executives will have less control
- annoying for customers to be passed between departments
- people at the bottom feel less valued
Outline the stages of the recruitment process?
- job vacancy identified
- job analysis ( what the job involves)
- job or person specification drawn up ( type of person needed)
- job description
- job advertised
- short listing
- interview/tests
- appoint
what is internal recruitment ? and what are its benefits and drawbacks ?
Internal recruitment is where the employer looks for potential applicants from within the organisation
Benefits:
- you already know the workers abilities and strengths
- it is quicker and cheaper to recruit ( no advertising costs)
- offers a career promotion ladder which motivates staff
Drawbacks:
- limited number of workers to choose from
- will have to replace the worker appointed
- may cause resentment from candidates not promoted
what is external recruitment ? and what are its benefits and drawbacks ?
External recruitment is where the employer advertises the job vacancy widely to attract applicants from outside the organisation.
Benefits:
- you have a wider range of workers to choose from
- you can bring new external ideas into the company with the new person.
Drawbacks:
- takes longer
- will be more expensive
- can de-motivate staff who believe they should be promoted
What are the benefits and drawback of recruiting for attitude rather than skill ?
Benefits:
- the worker will be receptive to new ideas & training
- the worker will get on with others/team members
- the worker will be more productive and motivated
- can avoid workers who have a negative attitudes or resist change.
Drawbacks:
- the worker will need training in a skill which will be costly
- it may take several years before the worker is fully trained.
- the worker may not be mentally/physically able to do the skill
What are the 3 forms of training ? and what do they consist of ?
Induction training:
- helps new recruits to settle quickly into organisation by making sure that they know as much as possible about the work, the company policies and their term and conditions of employment.
On-the-job training:
- allows the business to concentrate on the skills that they need most. it works well when the skills required are particular to that organisation. it is often appropriate in the service sector ‘how to serve customers’
Off-the-job training:
- Is carried out externally. Many firms prefer to train off the job, and works well with young employees who need a specific qualification.
What is the equation for labour turnover ?
Labour turnover = number leaving per year/average number of employees x 100
The benefits and drawbacks of low labour turnover ?
Benefits:
- lower recruitment and training costs
- can motivate its quality of products or good customer service
- by retaining its skilled workforce it can maintain it competitiveness
- suggest the business is making use of good motivation system.
Drawbacks:
- unable to bring in new staff with new ideas or positive attitudes
What is Taylors motivational theory ?
- money was a motivator or financial incentive to work hard
- Taylor was keen on using piece rate approach to paying workers because he wanted to link pay to productivity and believed workers were lazy
What was Maslows (hierarchy of needs) ?
- Maslow suggested that humans have a ‘hierarchy of needs’ going from basic/physiological to safety (friendship and belonging) to self esteem (achievement) to self actualisation ( your full potential as a person fulfilled)
- he highlighted that social need were particularly important hence why businesses put workers in teams or groups.
What was Herzbergs theory of motivation ?
- herzberg developed a two factor theory of motivation
- it consisted of , hygiene factors- which don’t motivate but if not good enough would cause dissatisfaction, eg: pay, working conditions.
- Motivating factors - include recognition of worker, opportunity to achieve or promotion, personal development.
What are the criticisms for the 3 motivational theories ?
Taylor:
- workers were treated like machines, totally controlled not trusted
Maslow:
- difficult to when a level has been achieved
- what about workers who work from home or are not in a team or group
- not everyone will achieve self actualisation
Herzberg:
- he assumes there are two seperate factors
- not all workers can be placed into each half ( some -workers may be motivated by money)
- motivators may in reality be different to some workers
- some suggest that herzberg was confused as motivators would lead to more job satisfaction rather than productivity.
What is piece rate ?
piece rate are wages paid according to the amount produced, eg: fruit pickers
What is a bonus ?
A bonus is a one off payment to a worker in recognition of their contribution.
What is profit sharing ?
Gives the employees a percentage of profits as well as basic pay
What is performance related pay ?
Usually consists of a bonus related to employee achievement of some kind
What is comission ?
Is a payment of a percentage of the value of each product or service sold
What is job rotation ?
Allows employees to change task from time to time. they will move from on job to another, in a planned and organised way. this decreases boredom therefore increasing motivation.
