Managing Outbreaks Flashcards
What is a basic reproduction number (R0)?
An estimate of potential spread based on the average number of secondary cases causes by a single infected case in a totally susceptible population
Infectivity of organism x contact rate x duration of infectious period
What is an endemic?
A constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease within a geographic area
What is a cluster of disease?
A group of cases in a defined place or time that are suspected to be greater than normally expected
What is an outbreak?
When there are two or more linked cases of a disease or more cases than would normally be expected in a given population.
What is an epidemic?
Similar to an outbreak where there are more cases than would normally be expected of a disease in a given area, among a specific group of people over a particular period of time.
What is a pandemic?
An epidemic that has spread to affect several countries over a large geographical area.
What is the effective reproduction number (R)?
The average number of secondary infections produced by a typical infective agent in a homogenously mixing population where some of the population has immunity
Basic reproduction number x proportion of population susceptible
What is secondary attack rate?
The proportion of those exposed to the index case that develop 5e disease as a result of exposure thus showing the spread of infectious disease in defines, small communities e.g. schools, care homes and prisons. It is context specific.
What are the stages of outbreak management?
1) epidemic preparedness
2) outbreak investigation
3) case definition
4) implementation of control measures
5) post outbreak analysis
What is essential for successfully outbreak management?
Preparedness
Proactive behaviour not reactive
Community engagement
Effective communication
What are the WHO guidelines for communication when managing outbreaks?
Trust
Announcing early
Transparency
Knowing your public
Planning
