Managing Resources Water Case Study

Question 1

Increased water usage

Answer 1

Increased by 70% since 1985

Question 2

Reasons for water increase

Answer 2

Household appliance (e.g. dishwasher)
Increased agriculture (irrigation)
Industrial production
Improved hygiene
Population increase

Question 3

Caused of water pollution

Answer 3

Fertilisers, chemical and oil spills
Sewage
Contaminated by nappies or sanitary products

Question 4

Impacts of Water Pollution

Answer 4

Death of aquatic life
Euphication
Passed to humans
Microbacteria in sewage
Reduction in tourism

Question 5

Water manage

Answer 5

Education
Pollution traps
Treatment plants (Leeds £72 million facility)

Question 6

Impacts of Water transfer schemes

Answer 6

Dams and aquaducts are expensive
Construction can cause traffic congestion
Disrupt migration and cause flooding
Employment opportunties
Recreational activities
Reduce water deficites
New habitats
Dams can reduce downstream flooding

Question 7

Le Sotho

Answer 7

Supplies South Africa water to reduce water shortages
By 2020, 2000 million m^3 of water will have been transferred to South Africa
Hydroelectric dam generates enough electricity for the whole country
Generates $16.7 million per month

Question 8

Advantages of Le Sotho for South Africa

Answer 8

Provides water for areas with regular droughts
Provides water for the 10% of the population without access to safe water
Reduced acidity of the Vaal River from water pollution from industry, gold mines and sewage destroying eco-systems

Question 9

Disadvantages of Le Sotho for South Africa

Answer 9

Cost are likely to reach US $4 billion
40% of water is lost through leakages
Water tariffs are to high for the poorest
Curruption

Question 10

Advantages of Le Sotho for South Africa

Answer 10

Provides 75% of the GDP
Income helps development and standard of living
Supplied hydroelectric power
Improvements to transport due to access to roads due to construction
Water supplies will reach 90% of the capital Maseru
Sanitation coverage will increase to 20%

Question 11

Disadvantages of Le Sotho for South Africa

Answer 11

Building the dam displaced 300,000 people
Destruction of unique wetlands due to regular flooding downstream
Corruption prevented money investment reaching those effected by construction
Construction on Polihali will displaced 17 villages and reduce agriculture in 71 villages

Question 12

Taankas

Answer 12

Underground storage systems 4m deep and 3m in diameter
Collect surface water from roofs
Can hold 20,000 liters (enough for a family for several months)

Question 13

Johed

Answer 13

Small earth dams capture rainwater (encourage irrigation)
Means River have higher discharge

Question 14

Pats

Answer 14

Irrigation channels built off main River transferring water into fields

Question 15

Wakel River Basin Project

Answer 15

North-West India (driest and poorest part of India)
Water management oils poor due to overirrigation (waterlogged and salination)
Overabstraction
Global Water for Sustainability Program 2004-2014 (aims to increase water supply and storage with appropriate technology taankas, johed pats ect)