Mania and Bipolar Disorder Flashcards
What is mania?
Pathological, inappropriate elevated mood that can range from near-normal experience to severe life-threatening illness
What is Bipolar Affective Disorder?
Disorder characterised by swinging moods from depressive to manic episodes
What is hypomania?
Lesser form of mania, lasting several days in which patient still has control of actions and grip on reality and not to the extent of severe disruption of work or social rejection
How does hypomania present?
No psychosis
Mild elevation of mood for several days on end
Increased energy and activity
Increased sociability, talkativeness, overfamiliarity, increased sexual energy and decreased need for sleep
May be irritable
Concentration reduced, new interests and mild overspending
Not to the extent of mania
How does mania present?
Symptoms lasting for 1 week, severe enough to disrupt work and social activities:
Elevated mood
Increased energy/overactivity
Pressure of speech
Disinhibition
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Heightened senses
>Appetite
>Libido
Extravagant spending
What is disinhibition?
Individual does things they are embarrassed about later on
What is grandiosity?
Sense of self-importance
What is the typical age of onset of bipolar?
21
What sex is more affected by bipolar?
M=F
How long does a typical manic episode last?
1-3 months
How is bipolar managed?
Atypical antipsychotics
Mood Stabilizers/Anti-convulsants
Lithium
Benzodiazepines
- Sleep disturbance
ECT
Give examples of atypical antipsychotics
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Quetiapine
Give examples of mood stabilizers
Sodium valproate
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine
Why are anti-depressants not really used in bipolar?
Usually, only put bi-polar patients on mood stabilizer and not an anti-depressant unless you really have to in a severe depressive episode, as too much risk of extreme manic switch.
What are the psychiatric differential diagnoses for bipolar?
Mixed affective state
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia
Cyclothymia
ADHD
Drugs and alcohol
